Молодежный инновационный вестник

2415-7805

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

9286

Conference Proceedings

Cholelithiasis as a norm of modern society

Buinova

Maria Dmitrievna

ammorozovv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-5126-5316Titova

Anastasia Vladimirovna

ammorozovv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-2712-1118Morozov

Artem Мihailovich

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of General Surgeryammorozovv@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-5379

Tver State Medical University

19042024

13S1395399

05022024

10042024

2024

Abstract.Introduction. Nutrition is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Currently, in Russia, according to Rosstat, 73.2% of men and 84.9% of women have diseases, the etiological factor of which is non-compliance with the diet. Cholelithiasis is no exception, its second name is "The Disease of civilization". The incidence of cholelithiasis increases significantly every year. Goal. To assess whether gallstone disease is the "norm" in the realities of the present time or not. Materials and methods. The object of the study were respondents from different courses of all faculties of TvSMU, patients in the surgical hospital of the GBUZ GKB No. 7 in Tver, as well as respondents with cholelithiasis. Results. The statistical data of the conducted study showed that in respondents with a confirmed diagnosis of gallstone disease and in respondents who did not have this diagnosis, the nature of nutrition and lifestyle practically did not differ from each other. Conclusion. Based on this study, it can be assumed that the entire population is susceptible to cholelithiasis, and therefore a special place should be given to the prevention of cholelithiasis.

cholelithiasislivercholedocholithiasisnutritioncholecystitis

холелитиазпеченьхоледохолитиазпитаниехолецистит

Introduction. Nutrition is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Currently, in Russia, according to Rosstat, 73.2% of men and 84.9% of women have diseases, the etiological factor of which is non-compliance with the diet [1]. Cholelithiasis is no exception, its second name is "The disease of civilization". In the 20th century, the nature of nutrition in society as a whole changed, as refined and high-calorie products became more often used [2,3]. These factors contributed to the appearance of an increase in the prevalence of gallstone disease [4]. Most often, people suffering from this disease have hypovitaminosis, vitamin deficiency, as well as a deficiency of minerals, all of the above leads to disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, there is a violation of metabolism, absorption of nutrients, as well as intestinal microbiocinosis changes and the formation of free radicals is stimulated [5,6]. The appearance of cholesterol stones is inextricably linked with a violation of cholesterol metabolism, which can be supplied alimentally or produced in the liver. It is known that bile does not become lithogenic in the gallbladder, but is excreted in this state from the liver [7]. It is liver diseases that most often lead to the development of biliary sludge, which is a manifestation of the early (pre-stone) stage of gallstone disease. The relevance of the study is determined by the social significance of the disease, since this condition threatens the normal functioning of people of all age groups [8,9]. Due to the urgency of the problem, there is a need to substantiate the leading non-modifiable risk factors, in particular malnutrition, to prevent the development of cholelithiasis [10]. The purpose of the work. To assess whether gallstone disease is the "norm" in the realities of the present time. Materials and methods of research. In the course of this study, an anonymous survey consisting of 56 items was compiled and conducted. The object of the study were respondents from different courses of all faculties of TvSMU, patients in the surgical hospital of the GBUZ GKB No. 7 in Tver, as well as respondents with cholelithiasis. 178 people took part in the survey, among whom 130 did not have a diagnosis of gallstone disease group 1, and 48 confirmed diagnosis group 2, among all respondents 85.39% were female, 14.61% were male. The study involved respondents aged 16 to 75 years, thus, 59.46% of respondents are in the age group of 16-25 years, 8.3% - 26-35 years, 10.54% - 36-45 years, 8.33% - 46-55 years, 2.3% - 56-65 years, 11.07% - 66-75 years. The results of the study. According to the results of an anonymous survey conducted by us, it was found out that the diet of a number of respondents is unbalanced, which can become a factor for the development of the disease. It is worth noting that the question "How many times a day do you eat?" The following statistics of group 1 were obtained: 49.3% - 3 times a day, 23.9% - 4 times a day, 13.4% - 2 times a day, 5.2% - correspond to both five-fold and single meals, 3% - more than 5 times a day, respondents of group 2 answered as follows: 50% - 4 times a day, 14% - 5 times a day, 19.3% - 1 time a day, 16.7% - 3 times a day. Since the amount of food does not always have a negative impact on the human condition, the quality of food, namely micro- and macronutrients, plays an important role. To the question "Do you eat vegetables and fruits every day?" The respondents of group 1 answered as follows: 83.5% - yes, 16.5% - no, and group 2: 62.4% - yes, 37.6% - no, but if we consider the question more precisely, we can get the following data on the amount of vegetables eaten per day: group 1 answered as follows: 29.8% - 200 grams., 28.4% - 300 gr., 21.6% - 100 gr., 12.7% - 400 gr. and more, 7.5% - not at all, the following statistics were obtained among the 2nd group: 45.9% - 300 gr., 10% - 400 gr., 14.5% - 200 gr., 13% - 100 g, 16.6% - not at all. To the question "How many fruits can you eat in 1 day?" The respondents of the 1st group answered as follows: 32.8% - 200g, 22.4% - 100g, 21.6% - 300g, 14.2% - 400g or more, 9% - not at all, and the 2nd group: 70.25% - 200g, 8.75% - 300g, 21% - not at all. Heavy consumption of fatty, sweet, spicy food or with an excessive amount of spices can contribute to impaired motility of the bile ducts. Group 1 to the question "When you cook, how much sunflower oil do you use?" She answered as follows: 40.3% - 1 tablespoon, 34.3% - 1 teaspoon 22.4% - 2-3 tablespoons, 3% - more than 3 tablespoons, if we consider the statistics obtained for group 2, they were as follows: 52% - 1 tablespoon, 33.3% - 1 teaspoon 14.7% - more than 3 tablespoons. Questions about the predominance of a particular food in the diet gave the following results: "Do you like fatty foods?" group 1 answered as follows: 64.3% - no, 35.7% - yes, and group 2 noted that 89.58% - no, and 10.42% - yes, "Do you like salty food?" among group 1: 54.4% answered yes, 45.6% - no, among group 2: 64.5% - yes, 35.5% - no; "Do you like sour food?" among group 1, 51.5% answered yes, and the remaining 48.5% no, among group 2: 45.83% - yes, but 54.17 - no. Sometimes, when cooking, salt and sugar are used in excess quantities, even where they should not be contained. Due to the body's habituation to such taste sensations, a person ceases to adequately control the use of "flavor enhancers". To the question "Do you use granulated sugar in food?" The respondents of the 1st group answered as follows: 68.7% - yes, 31.3% - no, and the respondents of the 2nd group answered as follows: 83.3% - yes, 16.7% - no. Also, to the question "Do you use salt when eating?" among the 1st group: 93.3% - answered yes, 6.7% - no, among the 2nd group: 64.5% - yes, 35.5% - no. Drinking enough clean water has a beneficial effect on the metabolic function of the body. But now it has been replaced with sweeter drinks that do not have the same benefits as water. To the question "Do you follow a drinking regime?" the respondents of the 1st group answered 53.7% yes, 46.3% - no, among the respondents of the 2nd group the following results were obtained: 65.5% - yes, 34.5% - no. Thanks to the question "What drinks do you drink most often?" the following statistics were obtained among the 1st group of respondents: 41.8% - water, 39.6% - tea, 14.1% - coffee, 3% - carbonated drinks, 1.5% - juices, among the respondents from the 2nd group the following results were obtained: 66.67% - water, 18.75% - tea, 14.58% - coffee. "How much water do you drink per day?" group 1 answered as follows: 31.3% - 1-1.5 liters, 22.4% - 1 liter, 21.6% less than 1 liter, 19.5% - 1.5-2 liters, 5.2% - more than 2 liters, and group 2: 50% - 1-1.5 liters., 25% - 1l., 12.5% less than 1l., 8.3% - 1.5-2l., 4.2% - more than 2 liters. For example, to the question "Do you notice disorders of the digestive system?", the following percentages were obtained among group 1: 62.1% notice violations, and 37.9% do not feel any changes, group 2 answered as follows: 84.41% notice violations, and the remaining 15.59% do not. To the question "Do you have colitis?" The statistical data of the respondents of group 1 were as follows: 80.3% replied that they had no signs of colitis, 18.2% did not know, and 1.5% noted the presence of symptoms of colitis, with regard to how the respondents from group 2 responded, the results were as follows: 60.42% replied that they had no signs of colitis, 6.28% had symptoms, and 33.3% do not notice manifestations of this symptom. One of the most painful symptoms that makes you go to the hospital is biliary colic. Thanks to the question "Do you feel biliary colic attacks?" it was found out that only among the 1st group of respondents 16.7% experienced such pains, and 83.3% did not experience them, with regard to the 2nd group, the statistics were as follows: 16.67% experienced such pains, and 83.33% did not experience this pain. Among those who have such pain periodically, they answered the question "If so, how often do such pains bother you?" as follows: 32% experience less than once a month, 20% - once a month, 16% - 2 times a month, 12% - 1 time per week, 8% - 2 times a week, 8% - 2-4 times a day or every day, 4% - every day. In addition to the above, statistics showed high rates of the question "Do you feel nausea?": 1 group answered as follows: 65.9% noted that yes, and 34.1% did not feel nausea, and 2 group noted as follows: 66.7% noted that yes, and 33.3% did not feel it. It is worth noting that those who feel nausea, to the question "If so, how often do you worry about nausea?", answered as follows: 33.3% feel less than once a month, 21.57% - 2 times a month, 15.7% - 2-3 times a week, 9.8% - 1 once a month, 7.8% - once a day or every day, 5.8% - once a week, 3.9% - every other day, 2.13% - 6 or more times a day. As the question "Do you feel bitterness in your mouth?" showed, 84.8% of respondents in the 1st group noted that no, 15.2% - yes, with regard to the 2nd group of respondents, the statistics were as follows: 58.3% noted that they feel bitterness in their mouth, and 41.7% - no. Patients with GI often feel pain behind the sternum, such a symptom can also occur in diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, pain was present in 86.4% of respondents in group 2, and in 13.6% it was absent, with regard to group 1, the statistics were as follows: 68.46% felt pain, and 31.54% did not, we managed to find out this by asking the question "Are you worried about chest pains?". Also, who noted that they experience pain behind the sternum, to the question "If so, how often do you worry about this condition?" The answer was as follows: 45.8% - less than once a month, 16.7% - once a week, 12.5% - 2-4 times a day, every day, 8.3% - 1 time a day, every day and 2 times a month, 4.2% - 2-3 times a week and every other day. Due to a possible violation of the outflow of bile, bile acids and enzymes are absorbed into the blood, this condition leads to their accumulation in the skin, causing itching. To the question "Do you notice the appearance of itching?" 62.7% of respondents in group 1 answered no, and 37.3% answered yes, with regard to respondents in group 2, the data were as follows: 66.67% answered no, and 33.33% answered yes. Among those who noted that they noticed this symptom, the question "If so, how often do you worry about itching?" was answered as follows: 52.8% - less than once a month, 15.2% - 2 times a month, 9.4% - 2-3 times a day, 7.5% - 1 time per day, every day and once a month, 3.8% - once a week and 2-4 times a day, every day. To the question "Do you notice a pronounced vascular pattern on the skin?" The 1st group of respondents answered as follows: 76.1% - answered no, 23.9% - yes, among the 2nd group the data were as follows: 72.9% - answered no, and 27.1% - yes. Among those who noted that they have a pronounced vascular pattern on the skin, the question "If so, how often do you worry about this symptom?" The answer was as follows: 52.2% - less than once a month, 26.2% - 2 times a month, 8.7% - 1 time a day, every day, 4.3% - 1 time a week, 2-3 times a week, every other day, 4-6 times a day, every day. Conclusion. The statistical data of the conducted study showed that in respondents with a confirmed diagnosis of gallstone disease and in respondents who did not have this diagnosis, the nature of nutrition and lifestyle practically did not differ from each other. As a result of this fact, it can be assumed that the entire population is susceptible to cholelithiasis, and therefore special attention should be paid to the prevention of cholelithiasis.

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