Молодежный инновационный вестник

2415-7805

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

8230

Unclassified

ASSESSMENT OF STRESS RESISTANCE OF RAILWAY TRANSPORT WORKERS

Meroyan

Zinaida Hachikovna

zina.kapikyan640@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6101-0056

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

20042023

12S2423425

01022023

28022023

2023

Relevance: Stress is a common work-related problem worldwide. Most people spend the bulk of their adult lives working in an environment in which they face a wide variety of physical and psychological challenges leading to varying levels of stress [1]. Work has a significant impact on the health of workers in many areas of activity, especially those that require increased concentration of attention, prolonged stress [2]. In busy workplaces, it can be difficult for people to adjust to work, colleagues, and the organization. This can increase the number of factors that create stress in the workplace and increase the perception of these factors by employees. The scientific literature contains studies that consider the causes, consequences and ways to overcome work stress (Usca, 2013; Smith et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019), but in our country this issue requires attention and study [3, four]. The activities of a number of state organizations are responsible for the life and health of the population. One of such organizations is JSC Russian Railways. The well-established network of transportation of passengers of this organization throughout the country should function efficiently at all stages and sectors of activity, from engineering departments to crane operators, machinists and operators. Excessive fatigue against the background of chronic stress affects the quality of work of Russian Railways employees, which in turn can lead to negative consequences. Purpose: To identify factors that negatively affect the stress resistance and mental health of railway workers according to scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors, as well as according to anonymous survey data. Methods: Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of railway transport workers in the city of Voronezh and the Voronezh region according to statistical accounting and reporting forms and an anonymous survey of workers who were in the hospital of the CHUZ CB "RZD-Medicine" in Voronezh. The questionnaire consisted of several parts, one of which assessed their stress resistance. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Exsel software package. Result: An anonymous survey involved 100 respondents who at the time of the survey were in various departments of the hospital of the CHUZ "KB" RZD-Medicine "Voronezh", Stationary unit No. 1 (at Voronezh-I station): gastroenterological, cardiological, neurological, pulmonological , endocrinological; 16 different divisions of the railway, of which men accounted for 69.8%, women - 30.2%. The average age of employees was 47 years. Four psycho-emotional factors were identified that affect stress resistance: going to work during an illness, painful experience of troubles, lack of time for rest, lack of time for doing what you love. Conclusion: The dynamics of the incidence of employees of the PHI "Russian Railways Medicine" for the period from 2018 to 2021. characterized by distinct periods of rise and fall in indicators: in 2021. -594.1 and in 2019. - 517.6 per 1000 employees, respectively. The survey showed that such factors as Coming to work when sick, Painful experience of trouble, Lack of time for rest, Lack of time for doing what you love can adversely affect the mental health of iron workers, which in turn queue negatively affects their stress resistance and the quality of work performed.

stress toleranceoccupational healthrailroad workerspsycho-emotional staterussian railwaysnegative factors

cтрессоустойчивостьгигиена трудажелезнодорожникипсихоэмоциональное состояниеРЖДнегативные факторы

RELEVANCE The activity of railway workers is one of the most complex forms of labor, which is characterized by excessive responsibility and prolonged psycho-emotional stress. Management of railway transport, design of engineering systems, operator support are associated with a pronounced stress on functional systems and the use of reserve forces of the body, which requires special preventive measures to prevent negative consequences. The essence of the problem lies not only in the lack of their own medical and psychological competence of employees, but also in the lack of skills of the management of departments to specifically influence the emotional state of their subordinates, conducting conversations and creating working conditions under which the risk of influencing stress resistance will be minimal [5]. GOAL Organize a survey among Russian Railways employees on the subject of stress resistance. Analyze the results of the survey and identify factors that negatively affect the stress resistance and mental health of railway workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Analysis of data from scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors in the field of stress resistance of railway workers. Conducting an anonymous survey of railway transport workers who are in the hospital of the CHUZ KB RZD-Medicine, Voronezh. Statistical data processing using the Excel editor. RESULTS In order to identify factors that negatively affect the stress resistance of railway workers, an anonymous survey was conducted in the format of a Google-questionnaire, consisting of 18 questions devoted to determining emotional, moral-volitional and personal qualities. 100 respondents of 16 different professions of Russian Railways (engineer, machinist, crane operator, track fitter, etc.) were surveyed. In the structure of gender differences, men accounted for 69.8%, women - 30.2%. The average age of employees was 47 years. The questionnaire consisted of questions, the answers to which had the following formulations: sometimes, never, rarely, often. Responses labeled "Often" were interpreted to summarize the results. Based on the data obtained, 4 psycho-emotional factors influencing stress resistance were identified. The most popular among them is "Going to work during illness" - 43.3% of the total number of respondents. The second and third places were shared by "Lack of time to rest" and "Lack of time to do what you love", their result was 33.9% for each. Less than the rest was "Painful experience of trouble" - 32.0%. An analysis of the results of the study showed that the most susceptible to negative factors are workers under the age of 40 years. For example, 50% of the total number of respondents suffer from a lack of time to do what they love, and 45% suffer from a lack of time to rest, which in turn shows the low stress resistance of younger workers. Considering the influence of gender, the study showed that men have a higher susceptibility to negative factors. They are more likely to go to work when they are sick (61%). The same applies to issues of lack of time for rest (56%) and doing what you love doing (61%). Published scientific papers related to social psychology confirm the results of this study regarding the lower stress resistance of men compared to women [6]. An analysis of stress resistance indicators among railway workers revealed that engineers are most prone to the impact of psycho-emotional factors. All four identified factors have a greater influence on the railway workers of this profession. Of the respondents subject to a decrease in stress resistance, in terms of lack of time for rest and doing what they love, engineers accounted for 44%, painful experience of trouble - 35%, and going to work during illness - 26%. The authors Aslihan Ozturk Eyimaya and Aifer Tezel in their 2021 study also noted a lower stress resistance of engineers than that of employees of other departments [7]. The influence of marital status on the decrease in stress resistance showed that married railway workers, albeit with a small margin, are more susceptible to the influence of negative psycho-emotional factors. For example, married workers do not have enough time to do what they love (61%). DISCUSSION Based on the results of the data obtained, 4 main factors that adversely affect stress resistance were identified. The group of workers most susceptible to a decrease in stress resistance has been identified. Based on the results, the main drawback of the study was identified. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the survey, the main factors that negatively affect the stress resistance of railway transport workers were identified, namely: Coming to work during illness, Painful experience of troubles, Lack of time for rest, Lack of time to do what you love. In addition, groups of people who are more susceptible to these factors have been identified. Summarizing the results, we can conclude that the most susceptible to a decrease in stress resistance are married men, who are engineers by profession, under the age of 40 years. Based on the fact that only answers marked Often were interpreted in the questionnaire, the sample of answers turned out to be small. Because of this, we can conclude that in order to obtain more complete information, it is necessary to continue the survey of respondents, involving railway workers of all types of professions.

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