Молодежный инновационный вестник

2415-7805

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

7452

Conference Proceedings

HYGIENIC PROBLEMS OF USING ELECTRONIC TEACHING AIDS IN MEDICAL SCHOOL

Pobezhimova

Maria A.

studentpobezhimova.2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-7100Popova

Margarita M.

studentlitochka1203@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-0340

VSMU named after N.N. Burdenko

30062022

117480

11032022

13032022

2022

Relevance: This paper discusses the organization of the educational process at a medical university using electronic technologies, the development of preventive measures to prevent risk factors that have arisen in the process of a hybrid form of education during the COVID-19 pandemic. In turn, the emergence of a pandemic has affected many areas of human activity. The rapid process of transition to remote learning caused a huge dissonance among students and needs to be regulated by sanitary and hygienic rules. It is this regulation that plays a key role in preventing risk factors that arise in the learning process, the impact on academic performance and the prevention of fatigue among medical university students. Purpose: to identify hygienic problems of using electronic learning tools by medical students in distance education. Methods: general scientific, hygienic, sociological, analytical. Results: According to the results of the study, it was found that with the prevalence of the MOODLE platform in the learning process, the majority of respondents used a personal computer ((73.4% to 26.6%), while with the prevalence of the WEBINAR service, most of them preferred mobile devices (79.7 % to 20.3%) It should be noted that the speed of reading textbooks selected for the study by students from the screens of smartphones and personal computers differs, despite the similar design (from a PC screen - 58 5s, from a phone screen - 65 6c.) Carrying out a comparative analysis of students' fatigue indicators, no significant difference was found in the number of errors, speed and accuracy of perception among PC users, in contrast to users of mobile devices, where they were noted in terms of the speed of information perception (142 7 and 164 8 characters). (p0.05)). Conclusion: According to the obtained data, the choice of an electronic device by students to a greater extent depended on the orientation of teachers to various services in the implementation of their disciplines. In general, the majority of university students used a PC to work in the MOODLE system, and a mobile device to work in the WEBINAR service, which corresponds both to the orientation of the proposed systems and to the preferred choice of technology.

Mental performanceattentionstresselectronic devicesoccupational healthprevention

Умственная работоспособностьвниманиестрессэлектронные устройствагигиена трудапрофилактика

RELEVANCE The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 had a great impact on the organization of not only labor, transferring some professions to a distance format, but also on the organization of preschool, school, vocational and higher education. However, this transition was not regulated by any sanitary and hygienic standards due to the fact that the regulatory documents were not developed, tested and implemented in the educational process. He also created the conditions in which students were exposed to various factors that affect the assimilation of the material and the progress of students in completely different ways [1]. At the same time, the results of scientific research by both foreign and domestic scientists indicate that training in the context of constantly developing digitalization of the educational process is associated with a whole range of risk factors for the health of students: strain on the organ of vision, decreased physical activity and, as a result, headaches. pain and the development of scoliosis, decreased concentration, increased fatigue due to working with a large amount of educational material in electronic form, the development of "tunnel syndrome" and other concomitant diseases. All this indicates that electronic learning tools need to be regulated by sanitary and hygienic rules, the development of which requires a large number of observations and research. The transition to a distance learning format also affected higher education students [2]. It is worth noting that even before the spread of the pandemic, sanitary and epidemiological requirements applied only to the conditions and organization of education in general educational institutions, practically without affecting the issues of education at the Higher School. Therefore, the sanitary and hygienic regulation of work with electronic learning materials in universities is an urgent scientific problem and requires special attention from regulatory authorities. This scientific work develops the scientific direction of prevention and morbidity among students of the Higher School and is focused on the development of an integrated approach to learning using electronic learning tools. GOAL To reveal hygienic problems of using electronic teaching aids by students of a medical university in conditions of distance education. METHODS Study design. Research objectives: 1. Conduct an analysis of the use of electronic learning tools among medical students. 2. To assess the design and perception by students of electronic teaching aids posted in the electronic library of VSMU. N.N. Burdenko. 3. To assess the dynamics of the working capacity of students of the Higher School and the impact on fatigue of various form factors of electronic devices used in the learning process. 4. Suggest preventive approaches to maintain efficiency and prevent fatigue of students using electronic learning tools and digital learning materials. Materials and methods In this study, 64 students of the Voronezh State Medical University took part. N.N. Burdenko medical-prophylactic and medical faculties. The study was conducted over 2 academic weeks. In the first week, the training was dominated by the use of the MOODLE platform (emphasis on testing), in the second week - the WEBINAR service (emphasis on the audio and video component of education). The students were divided into two groups: users of personal computers and users of mobile devices and tablets. For a hygienic assessment of the perception of educational electronic aids, electronic educational aids of the library of a medical university were selected. The design, file format and speed of perception of information by students using various devices were evaluated. For an integral assessment of the perception of information, taking into account the used electronic device, the Bourdon-Wirms method was chosen, which made it possible to evaluate not only the number of mistakes made by students when using various devices, but also to evaluate such integral indicators as the speed and accuracy of processing, which made it possible to comprehensively approach and solve assigned tasks. The results were processed using the office patent Microsoft Office Excel. The results obtained develop and expand the research area and the direction of profile overwork and health preservation of students who are on distance learning. RESULTS An analysis of the use of electronic means by students of a medical university was carried out during the implementation of distance education at the university. By order of the rector of VSMU them. N.N. Burdenko, two forms of distance learning were established: the use of the MOODLE platform and the use of the WEBINAR service. Like the first MOODLE platform, the WEBINAR service has its own mobile application for Android and IOS operating systems. Also, the use of MOODLE and WEBINAR services is available through mobile browsers using scalability, but this brings additional inconvenience when using them. GOAL To reveal hygienic problems of using electronic teaching aids by students of a medical university in conditions of distance education. METHODS Study design. Research objectives: 1. Conduct an analysis of the use of electronic learning tools among medical students. 2. To assess the design and perception by students of electronic teaching aids posted in the electronic library of VSMU. N.N. Burdenko. 3. To assess the dynamics of the working capacity of students of the Higher School and the impact on fatigue of various form factors of electronic devices used in the learning process. 4. Suggest preventive approaches to maintain efficiency and prevent fatigue of students using electronic learning tools and digital learning materials. Materials and methods In this study, 64 students of the Voronezh State Medical University took part. N.N. Burdenko medical-prophylactic and medical faculties. The study was conducted over 2 academic weeks. In the first week, the training was dominated by the use of the MOODLE platform (emphasis on testing), in the second week - the WEBINAR service (emphasis on the audio and video component of education). The students were divided into two groups: users of personal computers and users of mobile devices and tablets. For a hygienic assessment of the perception of educational electronic aids, electronic educational aids of the library of a medical university were selected. The design, file format and speed of perception of information by students using various devices were evaluated. For an integral assessment of the perception of information, taking into account the used electronic device, the Bourdon-Wirms method was chosen, which made it possible to evaluate not only the number of mistakes made by students when using various devices, but also to evaluate such integral indicators as the speed and accuracy of processing, which made it possible to comprehensively approach and solve assigned tasks. The results were processed using the office patent Microsoft Office Excel. The results obtained develop and expand the research area and the direction of profile overwork and health preservation of students who are on distance learning. RESULTS An analysis of the use of electronic means by students of a medical university was carried out during the implementation of distance education at the university. By order of the rector of VSMU them. N.N. Burdenko, two forms of distance learning were established: the use of the MOODLE platform and the use of the WEBINAR service. Like the first MOODLE platform, the WEBINAR service has its own mobile application for Android and IOS operating systems. Also, the use of MOODLE and WEBINAR services is available through mobile browsers using scalability, but this brings additional inconvenience when using them. The difference between the approaches in WEBINAR and MOODLE is that the WEBINAR service is focused on the audio and visual component, and MOODLE is focused on the text component, which also affects the nature of the use of various types of technical devices, which was proved as a result of a social survey [3]. For an accurate assessment of the use of electronic devices by medical students, the study was conducted for 2 weeks. This time period provided them with an assessment of the performance of tasks in the implementation of various disciplines, both clinical and preventive, with a different approach of teachers to the provision of educational material. Analysis of the data obtained showed that in the first week of the study, the use of personal computers prevailed among students, rather than mobile devices (73.4% to 26.6%), in the second week the opposite picture was observed: the number of students using mobile devices increased to 79 .7%, and the number of students using personal computers decreased to 20.3%, which is explained by the orientation of teachers to various services in the implementation of the disciplines taught: it is more comfortable to perceive text information on personal computers, on mobile devices - audio and visual content [4 ]. At the same time, a fairly large percentage of respondents (26.6% and 20.3% in the first and second weeks, respectively) continued to use an electronic device that is less suitable for obtaining the relevant type of information. And if a personal computer is a universal device for obtaining information, then the perception of the text component of educational tasks from electronic textbooks or the MOODLE platform raises a number of questions: 1.perception of font design of study guides and tasks on MOODLE; 2.possibility of using text scaling (does all the text fit on the screen of a mobile device or do you have to scroll the image); 3.Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) on some mobile device screens at low brightness; 4. fatigue of students using various types of electronic devices in the process of mastering the academic discipline. To solve the problems posed in the scientific work, we have chosen several textbooks posted in the electronic library of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Voronezh State Medical University. N.N. Burdenko, namely: 1) General hygiene: textbook authors Bolshakov A.M., Maymulov V.G., (study manual No. 1); 2) Hygiene: a textbook, authored by Rumyantsev G.I., (textbook No. 2); 3) Hygiene: a lecture course for students of the medical faculty, authors Faustova A.S., Popova V.I., (textbook No. 3). To evaluate the font design, the readability method was used, which includes the evaluation of randomly selected pages and evaluated them: in printed 1:1 form; from the screen of a liquid crystal monitor of a personal computer, opened in Microsoft Word and Adobe Reader software products; from the screen of a mobile device through the WPS program and the built-in display of text and PDF formats. An objective assessment of fonts was carried out according to the average reading time of the provided material (700-1000 characters). All selected tutorials use Times New Roman, font size 10 point. The average font reading speed was: 1. on the printed version of the study guide No. 1 - 46 4s. 2. on the electronic version of the textbook No. 1 from the screen of the liquid crystal monitor - 56 5 s. 3. on the electronic version of the study guide No. 1 from a 6.1 screen of a mobile phone screen - 62 6 s. 4. on the printed version of the study guide No. 2 - 48 4s. 5. on the electronic version of the textbook No. 2 from the screen of the liquid crystal monitor - 59 5 s. 6. on the electronic version of the textbook No. 2 from the screen of a mobile phone - 68 6s. 7. on the printed version of the study guide No. 3 - 45 4s. 8. on the electronic version of the textbook No. 3 from the screen of the liquid crystal monitor - 58 5 s. 9. on the electronic version of the study guide No. 3 from the screen of a mobile phone - 64 6 s. Thus, the results of the study indicate that the advantage of reading speed remains with the printed versions of textbooks, the average reading speed of the provided fragment was 46 4 s.; the average reading time of the same fragments from the PC screen varies from 56 to 59 s and averages 58 5 s. The lowest reading speed was shown by the fragments that were perceived from the screen of a mobile device for 65 6 sec. This is due to the fact that text scaling had the size of the original font format, shortening the readable line in the tutorial. The next stage of our work was the assessment of fatigue when using electronic devices. To solve the problem, the Bourdon-Wirms method was chosen, the distinctive feature of which was that the method is available online and easily reproducible on various devices. The study was conducted within a couple (after 20-25 minutes of working with an electronic device) among 1-4 year students of medical and preventive and 6 year students of medical faculties. In the first week of the study, which was characterized by the predominant use of personal computers for learning, the average number of errors that students made when working with the Bourdon-Wirms test on the display of personal computers was 40 3 errors, during the test, the processing speed was 157 8 characters, and the processing accuracy is 0.87 arb. units. When studying the data obtained during the processing of the test conducted by students using smartphones or tablets, the number of errors was higher than when working on a personal computer - 52 4 errors, processing speed and accuracy decreased compared to using a PC - 142 7 characters and 0.78 arb. units, respectively. Differences were observed in the second week of the study, which noted predominantly the use of smartphones during training and the predominance of audio and visual content in the process of mastering disciplines. The average number of errors for personal computer users was 47 3 errors, for phone users - 56 4 errors; processing speed of 156 8 and 164 8 characters for PC and smartphone users. Processing accuracy - 0.84 arb. units and 0.75 arb. units (PCs and smartphones, respectively). It should be taken into account that an incorrect posture, a decrease in motor activity during distance learning had an impact on the results of the above indicators. So, sitting at the table, users of personal computers performed tasks much more often, in contrast to students who used smartphones with a diagonal of 6.1 screen, which was reflected in the obtained values. PC users were less likely to make mistakes and their information processing speed was faster. It is noted that the diagonal of less than 6.1 and more than 23 reduces perception and complicates the assimilation of information. DISCUSSION According to the results of the study, we can focus on the fact that despite the ubiquity and use of mobile devices in the learning process, they are not optimal for the perception of information [5]. Personal computers are the most versatile for the consumption of textual information (tasks in a test form or essay, etc.). This is evidenced by the indicators of the average number of errors, the speed and accuracy of processing, which did not have a significant difference (p 0.05) during training in the first study week, nor in the second when using a personal computer. In contrast to the PC, students who used smartphones show significant differences in the first and second weeks in terms of the speed of information perception (142 7 and 164 8 characters (p 0.05)). There were no significant differences in terms of the number of errors made and processing accuracy when using a smartphone, which allows us to conclude that the speed of information perception from a mobile phone due to the small screen area in scenarios of constant perception of audio and visual content is higher than that of a PC. However, if textual information was used in the learning process, then the combined use of electronic devices is preferable in order to prevent fatigue and maintain the efficiency of students [6]. In order to prevent overwork when using electronic devices, it is recommended for students in strictly regulated training services to combine devices depending on the type of information the user is working with. Do not forget that in the learning process it is important to rationally approach the organization of work and leisure and equipping the working area (illumination, table position, room temperature). It is necessary to change the position of the body, do self-massage and exercises, including for the eyes, breathing exercises; ventilate the room to improve the functioning of the cardiovascular system; use pharmacological drugs that increase performance (glucose, vitamin C). CONCLUSION Conclusions: 1. The use of electronic devices by the prevailing number of students depends on the approach of the teacher implementing the discipline. With the predominant use of the MOODLE platform, 73.4% of respondents used a personal computer in the learning process. With the predominant use of the WEBINAR service, 79.7% of students used mobile devices. 2. Selected textbooks from the electronic library of VSMU. N.N. Burdenko have a similar design: Times New Roman font, 10 RT. However, taking into account the use of different devices, the reading speed between devices varies (from the PC screen - 58 5s, from the screen of a mobile device - 65 6s.), which is due to the forced formatting of text to be placed on the screen of a mobile gadget. 3. In a comparative assessment of fatigue in the first and second study weeks, no significant difference was found in the number of errors, speed and accuracy of perception among PC users (p 0.05), a significant difference was found among phone users in terms of the speed of perception due to instant coverage of the screen and the lack of a large amount of textual information. 4. The number of mistakes made, the speed and accuracy of perception also depended on the environment and the position of the student and the diagonal of the electronic device used. Trainers using PCs (15 to 20 diagonal) were more likely to perform tasks in the sitting at the table position and the above indicators were better, in contrast to smartphone and tablet users (diagonal from 5.5 to 10.1 inches), both during the first week and during the second week.

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