Молодежный инновационный вестник

2415-7805

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

7220

Conference Proceedings

ASSESSMENT OF THE CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR AMONG THE POPULATION OF VORONEZH

Ignatova

Julia Sergeevna

julia.ignatova00@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-0477Kasymov

Nikita Olegovich

nikita-kasimov1@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6073-2065

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko

30062022

114649

09022022

09032022

2022

Relevance. The city of Voronezh is a rapidly growing, highly developed city. In this regard, the health of the population is considered one of the most important indicators, which, first of all, depends on the quality of the environment. Continuous monitoring of the state of atmospheric air makes it possible to assess the risk to health among residents, including carcinogenic. In the presented article, the influence of the atmospheric air of a large city on the level of oncological morbidity of the population, the composition of the air in various districts of Voronezh, and an assessment of the carcinogenic risk were analyzed. Target. Identification of the carcinogenic effect of atmospheric air and assessment of the risk of oncological diseases in the city of Voronezh. Methods. Study of available documentation and literature; Analysis of archival sources on the selected topic; Obtaining official statistics Results. Toxicants with the highest possible risk of affecting the population were identified and ways to minimize their impact on a living organism were determined. Also, the largest enterprises of the city of Voronezh were identified, in the emissions of which these carcinogens are present. Conclusion. Given the peculiarities of the composition of pollutants and the proximity of industrial enterprises to residential areas, it is necessary to carry out systematic monitoring and measures to reduce emissions into the atmospheric air.

Carcinogencarcinogenic riskcarcinogenic effectoncological diseases

Канцерогенканцерогенный рискканцерогенный эффектонкологические заболевания

Relevance. One of the main problems of the 21st century in large cities of Russia and other countries is the trend towards an increase in the number of malignant tumors in people. About 10 million cases of oncological diseases are registered annually in the world, a larger percentage of which are fatal [1]. The city of Voronezh is a rapidly growing, highly developed city. In this regard, the health of the population is considered one of the most important indicators, which, first of all, depends on the quality of the environment. Continuous monitoring of the state of atmospheric air makes it possible to assess the health risk among residents, including carcinogenic, due to exposure to gaseous pollutants contained in emissions from transport and industrial enterprises [2]. Based on this, we can confidently say that the problem of assessing the carcinogenic effect among the population has become one of the most urgent today. Target. Identification of the carcinogenic effect of atmospheric air and assessment of the risk of oncological diseases in the city of Voronezh. Materials and methods. Study of available documentation and literature; Analysis of archival sources on the selected topic; Obtaining official statistics. Also, air sampling was carried out with a PU-4E aspirator for the purpose of sanitary and environmental control. The equipment was provided to us by the Voronezh Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology. Results. Before proceeding to the assessment of the carcinogenic effect of atmospheric air, it is necessary to understand what is a carcinogen? As defined by the World Health Organization in 1979: A carcinogen is an agent that, due to its physical or chemical properties, can cause irreversible changes or damage in those parts of the genetic apparatus that exercise homeostatic control over somatic cells [4]. In turn, these substances, depending on the conditions of exposure, can lead to disruption of the basic functions of the body, such as: - premature aging - disruption of communication between cells - slower growth rate - mutations in the cell genome There are almost 6 million chemical compounds in the world. There are various methods for assessing the toxic effect, as a result of which it was noted that the number of carcinogens with which a person contacts daily is about 50 thousand. Studying the special literature, we found that carcinogens in their origin can be natural, i.e., the origin of which does not depend on human activity, but can be anthropogenic, the accumulation of which corresponds to the growth of industrial production [5]. It must be understood that air pollution in industrial centers with carcinogens is a significant factor in assessing the risk of developing cancer [6]. Having studied the statistics, we found that annually in the city of Voronezh more than 140 thousand people apply to the clinic of the regional oncological dispensary. Between 2009 and 2018, primary cancer incidence increased while mortality decreased. According to the data obtained, the following nosological forms of tumor diseases are considered the most common in the city of Voronezh: skin cancer (about 70% per 100 thousand population), breast cancer (48%), lung cancer (44%), colon cancer (42%), prostate (25%) stomach (19%), tumors of the female reproductive system (42%). We found that the largest enterprises in the city of Voronezh, in the emissions of which carcinogens are present (18 items), include: - chemical industry (Voronezhsintezkauchuk JSC, Voronezh Tire Plant CJSC) - machine-tool and machine-building complexes (OJSC "Machine-Tool Plant", CJSC "Voronezhstalmost", OJSC "Rudgormash"), - aircraft building complex (PJSC "VASO") - furniture, construction and electrical engineering enterprises Having studied the information, we found out that at present the atmospheric air monitoring system in the city of Voronezh includes stationary posts, which include the regional center for hydrometeorology and environmental monitoring. Also, there are route posts based on the Voronezh Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology. Stationary air sampling control posts are located near large industrial enterprises and vehicles, within the nearest residential area (daily sampling is carried out to determine the average concentration per day). Route posts are located directly on the territory of residential development (they conduct sampling of atmospheric air to determine the average daily concentration) [7]. In turn, we found that, depending on the location, route and stationary posts are divided into 3 types of territories: 1) Transport - a greater percentage of pollution falls on vehicles; 2) Industrial - the predominant contribution of the industrial sector; 3) Background - a territory remote from the source

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