Молодежный инновационный вестникМолодежный инновационный вестник2415-7805Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации7174ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION AS A PREVENTIVE AND DIAGNOSTIC METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING THE CAUSES OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE DISORDERSEldarovnaSalimova Zumrad<p>Medical Faculty 2nd year student</p>salimovazumrad20020708@gmail.comKhusainbpyevDjamshid Davronbekovich<p>Faculty of Dentistry 3rd year student</p>jamshid102a@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0302Samarkand State Medical Institute300620221115163101202231032022Copyright © 2022, Eldarovna S.Z., Khusainbpyev D.D.2022<p>The purpose of the study: To study the possibility of the effectiveness of ultrasound as the most accessible method of identifying the causes of menstrual disorders.</p>length of the uterus in womenpreventionдлина матки у женщинпрофилактика<p>Materials and methods. Examined 74 patients aged 18-42 years with menstrual cycle disorders. The study was conducted by the Mindray DC-3 device with a 3.5 MHz convexic sensor and a 7.5 MHz vaginal sensor. The control group consisted of 10 healthy women.</p> <p>Results. In the course of the study, the length of the uterus in women from the control group who did not have a history of pregnancy was about 44 2 mm, width 45 3 mm, anteroposterior uterine size 34 1 mm. In 18 patients (24.3%), uterine hypoplasia was mainly detected, in girls and women aged 18-25 years. Who complained about the late onset of menstruation (after 16 years), their irregularity and increased soreness, miscarriages, labor anomalies, infertility. This was characterized by the size of the uterus, which was significantly less than normal, as a consequence of its underdevelopment during puberty. In 3 (4%) patients, uterine hypoplasia was a manifestation of sexual genital infantilism. In 8 patients (10.8%), endometrial hyperplasia was detected with an age range of 25-35 years, in which there is a violation of the production of two female sex hormones: estrogen and progesterone, which is a consequence of changes in the glands and stroma of the mucous membrane. Estrogen is released in excess amounts, and progesterone is less than the prescribed amount. For this reason, the mucous layer of the uterus - the endometrium begins to grow constantly, becomes much thicker (proliferation phase), which was manifested in our patients by thickening of the mucosa to 16-19 mm, increased echogenicity of the endometrium with spot echonegative inclusions. In 21 (28.4%) patients, an ultrasound examination revealed an ovarian cyst at the age of 18- 25 years old. This is a benign formation that is formed more often as a result of hormonal disorders and is a formation with liquid contents. During ultrasound examination, follicular, endometroid cysts, as</p> <p>well as corpus luteum cysts were distinguished. In 5 (23.8%) patients out of 21 (100%) with ovarian cyst, during a routine ultrasound examination, the detected ovarian cyst did not cause any subjective sensations. And the remaining 16 (76.2%) patients complained of pain in the lower abdomen, in the lumbosacral and inguinal regions, menstrual cycle disorders, menorrhagia, menstrual-like discharge in postmenopause and infertility. During the study, echo signs of chronic metroendometritis were detected in 24 (32.4%) patients aged 30-42 years. This is an inflammation of the mucous and muscular layers of the uterus, the cause of which can be either a septic infection, or the ingress of microorganisms by lymphogenic, hematogenic or ascending pathways. In 4 (16.7%) patients out of 24 (100%), chronic metroendometritis developed as a consequence of chronic acute metroendometritis. At the same time, the intensity of pain that the patients noted was much less than the acute process. In chronic metroendometritis, atrophy and replacement of fibers with connective tissue occurs gradually, which leads to fibrosis. This was manifested on ultrasound in our patients with increased echogenicity.</p> <p>Conclusions. Ultrasound examination, because of its non-invasiveness, is completely and without doubt it can be used both for preventive and/or diagnostic purposes, and for monitoring in dynamics - as an assessment of the effectiveness of treatment of uterine hypoplasia, ovarian cysts, endometrial hyperplasia and chronic metroendometritis.</p>1.Braytenzeer M., Pokiezer P., Lechner G. Textbook on clinical and radiological diagnostics. - Vienna: University Publisher, - 2014. - C. 239-262.2.3.G.M. Mardieva, O.A. Khamidov, et all. Possibilities of radiation research methods in case of damage to the soft tissue structures of the knee joint// Scientific and practical journal "Problems of Biology and Medicine". - 2018. - No. 4 (104). - Page 197-201.4.5.Kinzersky A.Yu. Ultrasound examination in injuries and diseases of the knee joint. - Chelyabinsk, 2010. - 105 p.