Молодежный инновационный вестникМолодежный инновационный вестник2415-7805Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации7118Conference ProceedingsEVALUATION OF POST-VACCINATION REACTIONS IN VORONEZH RESIDENTS AFTER IMMUNIZATION AGAINST COVID-19PobezhimovaMaria A.pobezhimova.2000@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-7100PopovaMargarita M.litochka1203@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3354-0340300620221180842901202223022022Copyright © 2022, Pobezhimova M.A., Popova M.M.2022<p><strong>Relevance:</strong> Vaccination as a way to fight infections has proven to be effective. To date, immunization against COVID-19 is a very controversial issue. The world is divided into two fronts - defenders and opponents of vaccinations. The proportion of the vaccinated population of the Voronezh region as of January 20, 2022 amounted to 55.4%. The paper addressed the issue of one of the topical methods of combating a new coronavirus infection - vaccination. To assess post-vaccination reactions, a survey of 671 residents of the city of Voronezh was conducted from June to September 2021.</p>
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> To evaluate the frequency of post-vaccination reactions after immunization against COVID-19.</p>
<p><strong>Materials and methods:</strong> general scientific, hygienic, epidemiological, sociological using a questionnaire.</p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> According to the results of the study, it was found that in 48.81% of those who were immunized, post-vaccination reactions were not observed. The most common symptoms for the introduction of immunobiological preparations were weakness, soreness at the injection site and body aches (93.45%, 92.26% and 64.29%), followed by reactions at the injection site - 38% and an increase in body temperature up to 380C (36.61%). Significantly more often, pain at the injection site was noted with the introduction of the first dose of the drug, an increase in body temperature to 390C during repeated vaccination. Significantly more often, the duration of symptoms was observed in the first two days in relation to the 3rd-7th days after immunization (p=0.0003, CI 1.06-1.98, 2-20.64). It was established that when vaccinating "Sputnik V" and "KoviVak" there were observed - pain at the injection site, weakness, body aches then, when using the drug "EpiVacCorona" - pain at the injection site, weakness, fever. The duration of symptoms of 1-2 days was observed after immunization with Sputnik V and KoviVak, after vaccination with EpiVacCoron, the duration of symptoms was 3-7 days. This study once again proved the importance of vaccination.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: According to the data obtained, out of 671 people who took part in the survey, 336 were vaccinated. Of these, 48.81% did not experience post-vaccination reactions, and 51.19% had the most pronounced weakness, soreness at the injection site, and body aches. It is noted that the similarity of post-vaccination symptoms and their duration during vaccination with Sputnik V and CoviVac, in contrast to immunization with EpiVacCoron.</p>
<p></p>Pandemiccoronavirus infectionCOVID-19vaccinationpost-vaccination reactions.Пандемиякоронавирусная инфекцияCOVID-19вакцинацияпоствакцинальные реакции<p><strong>RELEVANCE</strong><br /> The COVID-19 pandemic has caused serious dissonance among the population, disrupted the usual way of life and has become a factor in changing many aspects of healthcare. Anti-epidemic measures began to be introduced everywhere, which were not always carried out correctly and often had a negative effect on many areas of human life. Numerous studies have established that the population was reluctant to comply with the requirements of Rospotrebnadzor (improper wearing of masks or their absence, non-observance of distance, hand hygiene, etc.) [1-4].<br /> Currently, along with the observance of restrictive measures, the actual method of combating COVID-19 is vaccination. Immunoprophylaxis has been proving its effectiveness over the past century, making a significant contribution to reducing the incidence worldwide of such infections as diphtheria, tetanus, measles, rubella, influenza, etc. [5]. To date, the issue of immunization is the subject of much discussion. The world has been divided into two fronts - defenders and opponents of vaccinations, while the issue of vaccination against a new coronavirus infection is acute [6-10]. WHO notes that as of 05/04/2021, 280 candidate vaccines against SARSCoV-2 are under development, of which 96 vaccines are being tested in humans and 184 are at the stage of preclinical studies.<br /> According to Voronezhstat,as of January 18, 2022, in the Voronezh region, the number of people vaccinated with one component was 1,276,947 people, and 1,241,396 people completed the vaccination course. The share of the vaccinated population of the region as of 20.01.2022 amounted to 55.4%.<br /> Undoubtedly, the question of the safety and effectiveness of this procedure, as well as the problem of registration, accounting and analysis of reactions that occur in the post-vaccination period, is relevant. This study will help us answer these questions.</p>
<p><strong>PURPOSE</strong><br /> To evaluate the frequency of post-vaccination reactions after immunization against COVID-19 in residents of Voronezh.</p>
<p><strong>TASKS</strong><br />1. Analyze the symptoms that occur after immunization;<br />2. Compare reactions after the first and second vaccinations;<br />3. Compare post-vaccination reactions when using different vaccines against a new coronavirus infection;<br />4. Assess the duration of symptoms after vaccination with various drugs.</p>
<p> To solve the tasks, the data of the questionnaire in the Google Form was analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two blocks of questions: the first block included general questions (gender, age, place of work), the second block consisted of questions related to vaccination against COVID-19 (name of the vaccine, symptoms after the first and second vaccination, duration of symptoms).<br /> The study involved 671 residents of the city of Voronezh, age range 18 - 51 years (mean age 20.390.19 years). Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the Microsoft-Excel 2010 software product with the calculation of mean (M) and relative values, standard error (m), significance of differences according to Student's t-test, 2(chi-square). Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.05.</p>
<p><strong>RESULTS</strong><br /> According to the results of the survey, 50% of the surveyed residents of the city of Voronezh were immunized against a new coronavirus infection. Among the reasons for refusing immunization, the respondents named: the presence of antibodies or are currently ill with COVID-19 (34%), 30% of respondents do not believe in the effectiveness of the coronavirus vaccine, 28% have a medical exemption, and 8% of the respondents refuse all vaccinations. It should be noted that the largest share falls on the presence of antibodies in the respondents (33%).<br /> Of those who underwent the immunization procedure, 82.3% were vaccinated with the Sputnik-V vaccine (Gam-COVID-Vak), developed by the N.N. N.F. Gamaleya, 9.6% were vaccinated with EpiVacCorona of the Vektor State Scientific Center for Virology and Biotechnology, and 8.1% were immunized with the whole-virion vaccine KoviVak of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution FNTSIRIPI im. Chumakov RAS". The choice of vaccine depended on the availability of a particular drug at the vaccination points.<br /> In 48.81% of the respondents who were immunized, there were no reactions to the introduction of immunobiological preparations. Among the post-vaccination reactions, the most common were: weakness, soreness at the injection site and body aches (93.45%, 92.26% and 64.29%, respectively), followed by symptoms such as reactions at the injection site (swelling and redness ) - 38% and an increase in body temperature up to 380C (36.61%).<br /> When vaccinated with Sputnik V, of the reactions that occur after immunization, the first ranking place belonged to soreness at the injection site (34.48%), the second - to weakness (30.54%), the third - to body aches (16.26%). When immunized with EpiVacCorona, the most common reactions were soreness at the injection site (31.97%), weakness (28.69%) and temperature reaction (18.85%). Persons vaccinated with KoviVac also more often experienced pain at the injection site (32.79%), weakness (28.42%) and body aches (16.94%).<br /> Thus, when analyzing post-vaccination reactions that occur during immunization with various vaccines against COVID-19, it was found that when using Sputnik V and KoviVac preparations, the same reactions were observed - soreness at the injection site, weakness, body aches, then, as with using EpiVacCorona, pain at the injection site, weakness, fever prevailed.<br /> Local reactions occurred equally when using any of the proposed drugs, while general reactions prevailed after vaccination with Sputnik V (46.80%).<br /> The duration of symptoms was significantly more frequent in the first two days after vaccination in relation to days 3-7 after immunization (p=0.0003, CI 1.06-1.98, 2-20.64).<br /> It is noted that the duration of symptoms of 1-2 days was more often observed with the use of CoviVac and Sputnik-V vaccines. When vaccinated with EpiVacCorona, the duration of symptoms ranged from 3 to 7 days.<br /> There were no significant differences between the vaccine used and the duration of symptoms, both after the first and after the second vaccination (p 0.05).<br /> Analyzing the reactions that appeared in response to immunization, it was found that the reactions occurred both after the first and after the second stage of vaccination. At the introduction of the first dose of the drug, pain at the injection site was significantly more common (p=0.000012; CI 1.08-1.99; 2= 24.52); CI 0.74-2.38, 2= 5.15). The absence of any reactions after the vaccination was significantly more often observed also at the first stage of vaccination in relation to the second stage (p = 0.02, CI 0.87-1.77, 2 = 5.06).<br /> Of the 336 respondents who were vaccinated, 73% developed a new coronavirus infection after vaccination. It should be noted that 69.1% of the respondents noted the first signs of the disease during the first seven days after immunization, 21.6% from the 15th to the 21st day and 9.3% from the 8th to the 14th day. th day. The high proportion of cases in the first week after vaccination is associated with immunization when the vaccinated are in the incubation period of the disease, which is inevitable in the midst of a pandemic.</p>
<p><strong>DISCUSSION</strong><br /> The impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the health status of the population of the city of Voronezh is quite large. Experts are confident that vaccination of at least 70% of the population will create herd immunity [6-8]. Vaccination has a number of side effects that were noted, including by our respondents: weakness, headache, body aches, fever, soreness at the injection site, etc. The resulting reactions to the vaccine appeared after the first and second doses of the drug and were based on the subjective feelings of the vaccinated. The results of our study do not contradict the scientific literature data [4-6].<br /> This study once again proves the importance of both the immunization process itself and its proper organization.</p>
<p><strong>CONCLUSION</strong><br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong><br />1. In 48.81% of the vaccinated, post-vaccination reactions were not observed. In 51.19%, the main symptoms were: weakness, soreness at the injection site and body aches (93.45%; 92.26%; 64.29%, respectively), regardless of the drug used.<br />2. At the introduction of the first dose of the drug, pain at the injection site was significantly more often noted, at the second - an increase in body temperature to 39 0C.<br />3. When using Sputnik V and KoviVac, the same post-vaccination reactions were observed - soreness at the injection site, weakness, body aches; then, when using EpiVacCorona, pain at the injection site, weakness, fever prevailed.<br />4. Local reactions occurred with the use of any of the proposed drugs, general reactions prevailed after vaccination with Sputnik V.<br />5. The duration of symptoms during vaccination with immunobiological preparations KoviVac and Sputnik-V was two days, when using the preparation "EpiVacCorona", the duration of symptoms was 3-7 days.</p>
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