Молодежный инновационный вестникМолодежный инновационный вестник2415-7805Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации6526UnclassifiedPORTRAIT PAINTING AS AN OBJECT OF DIAGNOSTIC SEARCHPantyukhinDmitriy Vitalievich<p>Student of the Medical Institute, Faculty of Pediatrics, Dentistry and Pharmacy, specialty "Pediatrics"</p>dima_pantyuhin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4231-5460Orel State University named after I. S. Turgenev Medical Institute1405202110S11321342502202114032021Copyright © 2021, Молодежный инновационный вестник2021<p>Thanks to the accurate representation of sitters on canvases by realist artists, you can see various diseases. The analysis of 92 paintings by realist artists revealed the pathology of the bone system, skin, thyroid diseases, and breast cancer. Due to the impossibility of demonstrating the disease on the patient for ethical reasons or the rarity of the pathology, in addition to the method of curating patients, students can use the method of analyzing works of art to form diagnostic skills, and this method can also be used in distance learning.</p>portraiture, signs of the disease, diagnostic skills, distance learning.портретная живопись, признаки заболевания, диагностические навыки, дистанционное обучение.<p>RELEVANCE<br />Portrait is one of the main genres in the visual arts. Realist artists depicted specific people, recording the features of their appearance, including signs of certain diseases.<br />PURPOSE<br />Analysis of portraiture to identify signs of diseases.<br />MATERIALS AND METHODS<br />The analysis of 92 paintings by realist artists of the XV-XIX centuries in search of possible external symptoms of various diseases is carried out. In this regard, virtual excursions in art galleries were used, the study of books on painting Revealed symptoms were analyzed with the help of educational and methodological literature[1, 2], monographs.<br />RESULTS<br />The analysis of 92 canvases revealed the following diseases, systematized by nosology:<br />Pathology of the musculoskeletal system<br />On a double-sided painting by the artist of the XVI century Agnolo di Cosimo (Bronzino) "Portrait of the dwarf Morgante" depicts a jester at the Medici court in the Palazzo Pitti named Braccio di Bartolo, who had the mocking nickname Morgante, which ironically meant "big, big". Despite his status as a servant, he was a well-known hunter. Being an unusually intelligent, educated and kind man, he accompanied his master to diplomatic meetings, for which he was awarded the title of count, received the right to be a landowner and marry. Braccio di Bartolo has an irregular build, short stature, disproportionately short arms and legs, and a large head with prominent frontal and parietal bumps, which is characteristic of chondrodystrophy a hereditary disease caused by improper formation of bone and cartilage tissue in the prenatal period[3].<br />The picture of the artist of the XVII century, Josepe de Ribera "Limp" depicts a boy from a peasant family. The model clearly reveals an equinus deformity a curvature of the foot with plantar flexion, which sharply deforms the lower limb. The shoulders are fixed in the position of bringing and internal rotation. The wrist joints are deformed in the position of palmar flexion. The external symptoms suggest arthrogryposis-a congenital disease of the musculoskeletal system with deformity and rotation of the joints that limit the scope of movement[4].<br />The 17th-century painting by Rubens Peter Paul "The Union of Land and Water" is a symbolic canvas that embodies the Flemish hope for the lifting of the blockade by the Dutch from the mouth of the Scheldt River with the image of a man embodying the element of Water and a woman the element of Earth. When examining the composition in detail, the woman has a noticeable flat-valgus deformity of the foot, in which there is a lowering of the longitudinal arch of the foot, which is due to dysfunction of the tendon of the posterior tibial muscle[5].<br />The 18th-century painting "Portrait of Diderot" by Jean Honore Fragonard depicts a writer, philosopher and scientist, on the fingers of whose hands there is a visible lesion of the joints in the form of growths Heberden nodes, which makes it possible to diagnose one of the forms of gout - gouty arthritis as a result of a violation of purine metabolism with excessive deposition of uric acid in various organs and tissues, in particular in the joints and ligaments[6].Gout was considered a disease of the rich and well-to-do people, who often ate meat and game.<br />Sandro Botticelli's 15th-century painting The Birth of Venus is called a Renaissance masterpiece. In the form of the goddess Venus, the artist depicted his muse-the first beauty of Florence, Simonetta Vespucci, who died at the age of 22 during the tuberculosis epidemic. The exact embodiment of the model's image pallor of the skin, deformity of the left shin, ankle joint, rotation of the knee joint - suggests that the changes in bone tissue are caused by tuberculosis[7].<br />Dermatology<br />The painting of the XV century artist Domenico Ghirlandaio "Portrait of an old man with a grandson" is one of the most famous works included in the Golden Fund of the Renaissance. In an elderly man, the growth of the nasal skin and its elements in the form of growths, tuberosities, and nodules is clearly defined, which suggests rhinophyma-the result of hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands and their increased secretion[8].<br />Endocrinology<br />Peter Paul Rubens '17th-century painting" Portrait of Susanna Fourment " embodies the image of a beautiful Flemish woman[9]. The artist was friends with the family of Daniel Fourman and often painted one of his daughters Sussana. Despite the attractiveness of the girl, the artist's impression of an enlarged neck, the brilliance of the eyes, and a slight exophthalmos suggest hypertrophy (goiter) and probably hyperthyroidism.<br />Oncology<br />Another painting by Peter Paul Rubens ,The Three Graces, depicts women as mythical characters. These are the goddesses of beauty, grace and joy-Aglaya, Euphrosyne and Thalia. The model on the right clearly defines the deformity of the left breast in the form of a scar with a retraction of the nipple and a local change in skin color, enlarged axillary lymph nodes, which makes it possible to suspect a late-stage breast tumor with signs of metastasis[10]. Breast cancer is also reflected in the famous painting by Harmens van Rijn Rembrandt "Naked Bathsheba" of the XVII century. The portrait of the model, who was the artist's servant, clearly defines the deformity of the left breast with the image of skin folding, "lemon crust" and an increase in axillary lymph nodes, which clearly indicates a malignant breast tumor in the model[10].<br />DISCUSSION<br />The formation of diagnostic skills in students is a cornerstone when studying at a medical university, but during curation it is not always possible to demonstrate patients due to ethical considerations (oncology), the rarity of pathology (rhinophyma, arthrogryposis), in this regard, the analysis of art canvases allows you to study in detail certain diseases, including rare ones.<br />CONCLUSION<br />Thus, the study of portraiture forms certain patterns in students images of people with a distinct pathology that allow them to remember diseases through interest in painting, which is especially important during distance learning, in particular during the coronavirus pandemic.</p>[1. 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