Молодежный инновационный вестникМолодежный инновационный вестник2415-7805Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации10908Conference ProceedingsHeterogeneity and plasticity of the spine apparatusОреховаDaria Evgenyevnaorekh0va.dasha@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-4527-2785VorontsovaZoya Afanasyevna<p>Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor, Professor at the Department of Histology</p>z.vorontsova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3610-2549Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. BurdenkoVoronezh N.N. Burdenko State Medical University041120251421011051504202524042025Copyright © 2025, Орехова D.E., Vorontsova Z.A.2025<p style="text-align: justify;">Introduction. Dendritic spines are stalk-like outgrowths on the surface of dendrites that function as a postsynaptic component of a neuronal synapse. These structures are able to change their morphofunctional characteristics in response to synaptic activity, which underlies the phenomenon of plasticity and is crucial for learning and memory processes. Relevance. Today, dendritic spines are key structures that ensure synaptic transmission and plasticity of neuronal connections. The spine apparatus ensures normal brain development, functioning, and aging of the brain, but the slightest non-standard changes in its structure are associated with behavioral and cognitive disorders, as well as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Due to the active study of the nature of these disorders and the changes that occur in the body, it is more important than ever to highlight the issue of heterogeneity and plasticity of dendritic spines. The aim of this research work is to analyze and compare the existing methods of morphofunctional study of dendritic spines, including traditional morphometric methods and a decision tree-based digital classification algorithm, as well as to characterize the changes in morphology and density of dendritic spines in various pathological conditions. Materials and methods. Analysis of domestic and foreign publications, systematization of data, comparative analysis of data. The obtained data emphasize the importance of detailed dendritic spine studies for developing new diagnostic strategies to identify neurodegenerative disorders.</p>dendritic spinesspine apparatusmicromorphological criteriaplasticityдендритные шипикишипиковый аппаратмикроморфологические критериипластичность1.Pchitskaya, E. Dendritic Spines Shape Analysis-Classification or Clusterization? Perspective / E. Pchitskaya, I. Bezprozvanny // Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience. – 2020. – Vol. 12. – P. 31. – DOI 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00031. – EDN ZNKDVS.2.SpineTool is an open-source software for analysis of morphology of dendritic spines / E. Pchitskaya, P. Vasiliev, D. Smirnova [et al.] // Scientific Reports. – 2023. – Vol. 13, No. 1. – P. 10561. – DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-37406-4. – EDN SDSLKZ.3.Хорсева, Н. И. Эффекты воздействий радиочастотных электромагнитных полей на нервную систему. Эксперименты in vitro / Н. И. Хорсева, П. Е. Григорьев // Журнал медико-биологических исследований. – 2024. – Т. 12, № 2. – С. 229-239. – DOI 10.37482/2687-1491-Z181. – EDN UHYTXG.