Молодежный инновационный вестник

2415-7805

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

10524

Conference Proceedings

Impact of man-made pollution on the environment and public health in the Lipetsk region

Kostenko

Alena Alexandrovna

studentkostenkoalena2005@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-0857-5332Mehantyeva

Ludmila Evgenievna

Head of the Department - Disaster Medicine and Life Safety Doctor of Medical Sciences Professormedkat@vrngmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-3625Dunaeva

Daria Yuryevna

assistantmedkat@vrngmu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-1282

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

25042025

14S1162166

28022025

2025

The impact of technogenic pollution on the environment and public health is one of the pressing problems faced by many regions of Russia, including the Lipetsk region. Industrial production, high density of motor transport and inefficient waste management are becoming the main sources of pollutants. Statistics of diseases associated with technogenic pollution in the Lipetsk region indicate serious problems in the field of public health. Statistics of the impact on the environment covers several key aspects, such as emissions of pollutants, the state of water bodies, air quality, as well as the impact on biodiversity and climate change. Objective. The purpose of this research work is to determine the impact of technogenic pollution on the environment and public health in the Lipetsk region. Materials and methods. This work used statistical data from Rosstat and the Health Department of the Lipetsk region. Results. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, it was concluded that technogenic impact on the environment and human health in the Lipetsk region has an adverse effect, so measures must be taken to reduce the impact of harmful factors. Conclusion. The man-made impact on the environment and human health in the Lipetsk region has an adverse effect, so measures must be taken to reduce the impact of harmful factors.

man-made impactLipetsk regionhealthenvironment

техногенное влияниеЛипецкая областьздоровьеокружающая среда

Introduction. The man-made environment, which is an integral part of the human environment with which he constantly interacts, can pose a danger to him. Every year, more and more industrial enterprises are emerging, the number of vehicles is increasing, waste is not disposed of according to requirements, trees are being cut down, all this leads to the fact that the content of harmful substances in the environment exceeds normal values. In recent years, the Lipetsk region has seen an increase in the number of vehicles, which is associated with both an increase in the population and the development of the region's economy. According to information available for 2023, the Lipetsk region has attracted investments that contributed to the opening of several new plants and industries. For example: in recent years, several enterprises specializing in the production of concrete and building materials have been opened, production capacities are developing in the agro-industrial complex, including the processing of agricultural products, new industries have also been launched in the field of mechanical engineering and metallurgy. Purpose of the work Determination of the impact of man-made pollution on the environment and public health in the Lipetsk region. Materials and methods of research. This study is a review and analytical one. Various articles devoted to the study of technogenic impact on human health and the environment, and statistical data concerning public health and the environment in the Lipetsk region were studied. The main sources of pollution in this region were identified: 1. Industrial production. The Lipetsk region is known for its developed metallurgy, in particular, the NLMK metallurgical plant. The emission of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust leads to deterioration of air quality. Penetrating the respiratory tract, SO₂ can irritate the mucous membrane, leading to coughing, difficulty breathing and exacerbation of asthma. Long-term exposure can increase the development of cardiovascular diseases [1]. Some people may have an allergic reaction to SO₂, which is manifested by increased sensitivity of the respiratory tract. NO₂ can cause inflammation and irritation of the lungs, making breathing difficult and exacerbating asthma. Increased levels of nitrogen oxides can weaken the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections. Short-term exposure can cause allergic reactions, and long-term effects include the development of chronic lung and heart disease. Inhalation of dust can cause pneumonia, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other diseases. Microparticles can enter the blood vessels, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. Studies show that long-term exposure to the body can negatively affect cognitive function and develop neurodegenerative diseases. 2. Motor transport. Vehicle emissions are a complex mixture of various pollutants that can have significant impacts on human health and the environment. Excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to climate change and rising temperatures, which indirectly affects health through increased risks to ecosystems [2]. Carbon monoxide inhibits the ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Inhalation of carbon monoxide can cause headaches, dizziness, loss of consciousness, and even death in high concentrations. Nitrogen oxides are formed during combustion of fuel and can irritate the respiratory tract, worsen lung function, and aggravate asthma and allergies. Long-term exposure is associated with the development of chronic lung and heart disease. Benzene, formaldehyde and other chemicals that can irritate the mucous membranes, cause allergic reactions and increase the risk of developing chronic diseases. Small particles can easily penetrate the lungs and even the bloodstream. They cause inflammation, allergies, lung diseases and can also affect the cardiovascular system. Organosulfur compounds irritate the respiratory tract, aggravate asthma and can lead to more serious respiratory diseases. Thus, inhalation of pollutants from vehicle emissions causes symptoms such as coughing, increased mucus, sore throat and worsening lung function, in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the condition may worsen. Air pollution increases the risk of heart disease, including heart attacks and strokes, especially in older people or those with a predisposition to cardiovascular problems. Research shows that chronic exposure to pollutants can negatively affect cognitive function, especially in children and the elderly. Some components of exhaust gases, such as benzene and formaldehyde, are carcinogens and can increase the risk of developing various forms of cancer with long-term exposure. 3. Wastewater discharge into od. Treated and untreated industrial wastewater negatively affects the quality of water bodies, which in turn affects ecosystems and public health [3]. Contact with contaminated water can lead to diseases such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, and other infectious diseases. These diseases usually result from microorganisms and parasites in the water. Wastewater from industrial sources can contain heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium), which can accumulate in the body and cause problems such as kidney damage, nervous system damage, and carcinogenic effects. Pollutants in wastewater can cause allergic reactions and also degrade air quality. Inhalation of fumes or particles can lead to breathing problems, even in healthy people. Certain chemicals, such as phthalates and bisphenol A, can disrupt the endocrine system and lead to reproductive and developmental problems. Some studies have linked environmental pollution to increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, which may be due to a deterioration in the quality of life in polluted areas. The following technogenic impacts on the environment in the Lipetsk region have been identified: 1. Air quality. Polluted air has a negative impact on vegetation, reducing its productivity and changing biogeochemical processes. This also leads to a decrease in biodiversity. SO₂ can lead to the formation of acid rain, as it reacts with water droplets in the atmosphere, forming sulfuric acid [4]. This can cause the disappearance of water bodies, deterioration of the land, and the death of vegetation. Nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of smog and ozone at ground level (surface ozone), which is a powerful pollutant and can cause respiratory problems. Dust can affect the climate, as it changes the absorption and reflection of sunlight. This can also contribute to the formation of clouds and precipitation. 2. Water quality. Wastewater discharge pollutes rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, which negatively affects the aquatic ecosystem, disrupting the balance and leading to the extinction of species. Excess nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates from wastewater can cause algae blooms, which reduce oxygen levels in the water and suppress other aquatic species.[5] The decrease in aquatic organisms leads to the destruction of ecosystems, which may not recover without intervention. 3. Soils: Soil pollution with heavy metals and other toxic substances reduces fertility, which directly affects agriculture. The following groups of people have been identified who are susceptible to the effects of man-made pollution in the Lipetsk region: 1. Employees of metallurgical, chemical and other industries working in close proximity to pollution sources. 2. People living in the area of influence of large factories. 3. Pollution can lead to developmental delays, respiratory diseases, and other health problems in children. 4. Older adults may have existing medical conditions that are aggravated by exposure to pollutants. 5. Farmers and agricultural workers may face problems due to the use of chemicals, as well as water and soil pollution, which affects the quality of agricultural products. Research results. Key disease statistics Respiratory diseases: Asthma. According to data provided by the Ministry of Health, the incidence of bronchial asthma in the Lipetsk region is about 30-35 cases per 1,000 people. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. The incidence of COPD in the region has increased and is about 15 cases per 1,000 people, which is above the national average. Allergic reactions: An increase in the incidence of allergic diseases, such as allergic rhinitis. Statistics show that such cases have increased by 20% over the past 5 years. Cardiovascular diseases: An increase in the number of cases of coronary heart disease and hypertension. According to the regional center for disease control and prevention, the incidence rate is approximately 40 cases per 1,000 people. Digestive diseases: There is also an impact on bowel health: statistics show that liver diseases such as cirrhosis have increased by 15% in the last few years. Skin diseases: There is an increase in the incidence of skin diseases associated with exposure to heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. According to some data, such diseases have increased by 10-12%. Demographic features: Age group: The highest number of diseases is observed in children (0-14 years old) and the elderly (over 60 years old). Gender differences: Men are at higher risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases compared to women. Key statistical indicators of environmental impact: 1. Pollutant emissions. According to Rostatistic, in 2021, the Lipetsk region became one of the leaders among industrial regions of Russia with emissions of more than 100 thousand tons of harmful substances into the atmosphere. The main sources of pollution include metallurgical enterprises, such as the Lipetsk Metallurgical Plant, as well as enterprises for the production and processing of mineral fertilizers. The average annual concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 in some cities of the region exceeds the maximum permissible levels by 1.5-2 times, which negatively affects the health of the population. According to monitoring data, in Lipetsk, the level of air pollution with heavy metals exceeds the maximum permissible concentrations, especially for elements such as lead and cadmium. 2. The state of water bodies. Experts note that more than 70% of rivers in the Lipetsk region have various levels of pollution. The main pollutants are phosphates, nitrates and heavy metals. According to data provided by the Center for Environmental Policy and Culture, more than 40% of water samples from rivers do not meet sanitary standards. Regular monitoring shows that in recent years there has been a deterioration in the quality of lake and river waters, which is associated with economic activity, wastewater discharges and agricultural practices. 3. Impact on biodiversity. According to environmental studies, many plant and animal species are threatened by man-made pollution and loss of natural habitat. A decrease in the number of species listed in the Red Book has become a common phenomenon. There has been a decrease in the number of fish in the region's rivers, which is also associated with water pollution. 4. Climate change. According to data, in 2021, the level of greenhouse gas emissions was about 2.3 tons per capita. Conclusion. A comparative analysis of disease statistics shows that man-made pollution is certainly a serious problem for the Lipetsk region, affecting public health and living conditions. The state of the environment in the Lipetsk region requires a comprehensive approach to solving environmental problems, as well as the active participation of both government agencies and civil society. Improving statistics on environmental impacts is only possible through joint efforts to protect nature, reduce emissions, and improve the quality of water resources.

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