Молодежный инновационный вестник

2415-7805

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

10449

Conference Proceedings

Epidemiological features of chickenpox in the Voronezh region

Lukina

Julia Dmitrievna

Studentlukina.yuliya.05@internet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2709-7837Sitnik

Tamara Nikolaevna

Ass. Department of Epidemiology z_epid@aidsvrn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2470-4099

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. BurdenkoVoronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

25042025

14S18891

25022025

18032025

2025

Chickenpox is of great socio-economic importance. The purpose of the study is to determine the patterns of development of the epidemic process of chickenpox in the Voronezh region during 2014-2023. Materials and methods: official statistics data were used in a retrospective epidemiological analysis. The cyclical development of the epidemic process has been revealed. The most affected group are children aged 3-6 years. Schoolchildren aged 7-14 and children aged 1-2 also contribute to the incidence rates. Rural residents suffer from chickenpox 5 times less often. Insufficient vaccination volumes have not yet had a noticeable effect on reducing the incidence of children.

chickenpoxvaccination against chickenpox

ветряная оспавакцинация против ветряной оспы

Introduction. Chickenpox is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the DNA-containing Varicella-zoster virus, which belongs to the herpesvirus family. The disease is widespread in all regions of the country. Every year, from 500 thousand to 1150 thousand cases of chickenpox are registered in the Russian Federation. The epidemic process is characterized by cyclicality, with ups and downs in the incidence rate. In 2023, incidence rates above the national average were observed in 46 regions. This leads to significant financial losses, since traditional preventive measures, such as quarantine and isolation of patients, do not always give the desired result [1]. According to statistics, children are most often affected, accounting for more than 90% of all registered cases. Adults can also become infected, and their illness is more severe and they are more likely to develop serious complications, such as pneumonia, encephalitis, meningitis, or secondary bacterial infections of the skin and mucous membranes. Approximately 10% of chickenpox cases occur in adults, and they are characterized by a more unfavorable course of the disease compared to children [1,2,3,4]. The increase in chickenpox cases is associated with various factors, including weakened immunity, chronic diseases, bad habits, deterioration of the environmental situation, and uncontrolled use of drugs. To effectively plan measures to protect public health, it is important to constantly monitor the epidemiological situation with chickenpox. One of the most effective ways to prevent this disease is vaccination, and today it is regulated by legal acts. However, it has not yet been included in the National Immunization Calendar and in different territories the most affected groups are identified and regional vaccination calendars are introduced [5,6]. Objective of the work. To determine the patterns of development of the chickenpox epidemic process in the Voronezh region in 2014-2023. To achieve this goal, the following objectives were set: 1. To study the incidence of chickenpox based on statistical reports; 2. To assess the dynamics of the chickenpox epidemic process over time; 3. To study the age structure of chickenpox incidence and to identify the groups most affected by chickenpox (by age, by place of residence); 4. To analyze preventive measures for chickenpox. Research materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis was conducted. The following sources of information were used: registration form No. 2 "Information on infectious and parasitic diseases" for 2014-2023; registration form No. 5 "Information on preventive vaccinations" for 2024-2023; reports "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population of the Voronezh region" for 2014-2023. Information on the population by age groups was obtained from the Rosstat website for the Voronezh region. Statistical calculations were performed in MsExcel. Extensive indicators (%) were calculated for the structure analysis. Arithmetic means were calculated; intensive incidence rates per 100,000 population when assessing the incidence of the general population and comparing with Russian Federation data; comparing the incidence of the urban and rural population. To analyze the incidence of children under 17, the calculation was made per 1000 child age groups. Research results. In the Voronezh region, chickenpox ranks second in prevalence among infectious diseases, second only to viral respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract. The incidence rates over the 10-year period were, on average, 1.2 times lower than in Russia, but in some years (2015 and 2018) they were slightly higher (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Dynamics of chickenpox incidence in the Russian Federation and the Voronezh Region in 2024-2023, per 100 thousand population. Chickenpox is characterized by a cyclical epidemic process; in the region, during the analyzed period, there were 3 multi-year epidemic cycles lasting from 2 to 4 years with incidence peaks in 2015, 2028 and 2023. The range of fluctuations in incidence rates in the Voronezh Region is more pronounced than in the country as a whole, which can be seen in the diagram above (Fig. 1). The decrease in incidence rates below the long-term average in 2020-2021 is due to long periods of isolation during restrictive measures during COVID-19, and is noted in the country as a whole and in other territories [1,7]. Most of the sick are children, mainly aged 3 to 14 years. Adults get chickenpox much less often, accounting for 4.9% to 11.6% of the total number of sick people per year. In the structure of children by age, those aged 3-6 years prevail (an average of 53%), followed by schoolchildren aged 7-14 years (30%). Analysis of morbidity (per 1000 age group) among children revealed the leading group - 3-6 years, among whom the rates fluctuated from 35.2 to 71.8, and on average over 10 years amounted to 53.9 per 1000. In turn, in different years, younger children aged 1-2 years (average rate of 17.4) and schoolchildren aged 7-14 years (average - 16.0) come in second place. Next come children under 1 year old with fluctuations from 3.9 per 1000 to 13.4 per 1000; less frequent incidence is noted in adolescents aged 15-17 (average - 6.1). Similar incidence in children is also noted in previous periods in the Voronezh Region [8,9] and in other regions [3,10]. 91.1% of sick children aged 3-6 attend preschool institutions. This causes high incidence rates due to outbreaks. In children's educational institutions and schools, conditions are created when a group of children is in the same room, while the aerosol mechanism of transmission of the varicella pathogen is easily realized. The proportion of the urban population in the sick is 83%. When analyzing 100 thousand contingents by place of residence, it was found that rural residents get sick on average 5 times less often than those living in urban areas (Fig. 2). Vaccination coverage in the Voronezh Region is currently insufficient. Over 10 years, 7,065 people have been vaccinated, mainly conscripts who have not previously had chickenpox. It is not possible to track the effect of their immunization, since most leave the region. The vaccine was also purchased centrally for emergency vaccination in group cases, which made it possible to reduce the spread in epidemically significant foci. The experience of other regions of Russia, where immunization against chickenpox is included in the regional calendars, indicates its effectiveness, even with a single administration [2]. Conclusion. The dynamics of chickenpox in the Voronezh Region shows periodic rises and falls in incidence, which is more typical of infections that are not controlled by immunoprophylaxis. The most affected group are children aged 3-6 years, especially in organized groups. Rural residents get sick less often than city dwellers. Insufficient vaccination volumes have not yet had a noticeable effect on reducing the incidence of diseases in children.

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