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Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

10236

Conference Proceedings

Contribution of Astrakhan doctors in the years of the Great Patriotic War

Lyapina

Daria Alekseevna

liapinadaria@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-8321-1900Omarova

Kistaman Kamilovna

krstn19670503@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-9496-4018Vakulenko

Irina Valerievna

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Forensic Medicineirina_vakulenko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9472-3482Zbruyeva

Yulia Vladimirovna

Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professorz_b_r@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-0373

Astrakhan State Medical UniversityAstrakhan Medical State University

25042025

14S1810

12022025

21022025

2025

During the Great Patriotic War medical workers played a decisive role in saving the lives of frontline soldiers and civilians. Astrakhan became an important rear centre where evacuation hospitals were organised and medical research wasconducted. The contribution of local doctors such as N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko remains insufficiently studied, although their activity contributed not only to saving thousands of lives, but also to the development of surgery in the post-war years. Objective. To analyse the contribution of the Astrakhan doctors N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko to the organisation of medical aid during the war years and to the development of public health care after it. Materials and Methods. We used archival materials, memoirs, scientific publications, documents of the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve. Historical-biographical and comparative analyses were applied. Results. N.G. Lychmanov, the leading surgeon of the evacuation hospital No. 1589 of the II Ukrainian Front, saved thousands of lives and after the war continued to work in Astrakhan, being engaged in science and pedagogy. L.L. Sluvko, surgeon of the 159th separate brigade, head of the surgical department of the hospital of the Stalingrad Front, proved himself in the most difficult combat conditions. After the war he continued his medical and scientific activity. Conclusion. It is important to preserve the memory of the contribution of Astrakhan doctors to military medicine, emphasising the importance of their work. Creation of educational programmes and online resources will help to pass on the knowledge about the heroism of medics to future generations.

Great Patriotic WarmedicineAstrakhan doctorsevacuation hospitalssurgeryhistorical memory

Великая Отечественная войнамедицинаастраханские врачиэвакогоспиталихирургияисторическая память

Introduction. The contribution of Astrakhan doctors during the Great Patriotic War remains an insufficiently studied topic, despite their significant role in saving the lives of front-line soldiers and civilians. Astrakhan, as an important strategic rear center, became a support base for evacuation of the wounded, organization of hospitals and scientific medical developments. The study of the activities of such outstanding doctors as Nikolai Georgievich Lychmanov and Leon Ludvigovich Sluvko allows not only to fill the gaps in historical science, but also to emphasize the importance of medical workers in times of crisis. In today's conditions of increased interest in regional history and preservation of historical memory, this topic acquires special relevance. Purpose of the paper. The purpose of this article is to analyze the contribution of Astrakhan doctors N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko to the organization of medical care during the Great Patriotic War, as well as their role in the development of surgery and health care in the postwar period. The study is aimed at preserving the historical memory of the feats of medical workers and fostering respect for their work. Materials and methods of research. Archival materials, memoirs, scientific publications, as well as documents stored in the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve were used for writing the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of biographical data of N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko, their professional activities during and after the war. The research methods include historical and biographical analysis, study of archival sources and comparative analysis of their contribution to military medicine. Results of the study. Nikolai Georgievich Lychmanov was born in 1899 in Astrakhan in the family of a clerk. In 1918 he entered the medical faculty of Astrakhan University, but his studies were interrupted by service in the Red Army during the Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War Lychmanov worked as chief surgeon of evacuation hospital No. 1589 of the II Ukrainian Front [1,2]. In August 1941, being surrounded with a thousand wounded and being the only surgeon, he showed exceptional courage and professionalism, saving the lives of soldiers. After demobilization in 1944, he returned to Astrakhan, where he continued to work as the chief surgeon of the Department of hospitals of the Regional Health Department, leading surgeon of the hospital of reconstructive surgery, as well as engaged in scientific and teaching activities [2,3]. Under his leadership, the first trauma center, traumatology department and reorganized prosthetic and orthopedic workshop were opened in Astrakhan. His contribution to the development of surgery and organization of medical care was marked by numerous awards [3]. Leon Ludvigovich Sluvko was born in 1917 and graduated from the Astrakhan Medical Institute in 1941. In September 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army and began his service as a surgeon of the medical unit of the 159th separate brigade of the 28th Army. In 1942 he was appointed head of the surgical department of the army field hospital on the Stalingrad front. In the conditions of the heaviest fighting, he showed himself as a talented surgeon, saving the lives of the wounded and conducted more than two thousand operations. [1,2]. After the war Major of reserve L.L. Sluvko continued his medical and scientific activity, becoming an assistant of faculty surgical clinic of ASMI [2]. He worked as a surgeon in the regional clinical hospital No. 1. His contribution to the development of medical education and practice in the region was significant [4]. Conclusion. The activity of N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko during the Great Patriotic War is a vivid example of heroism and professionalism of medical workers. Their contribution to saving the lives of wounded soldiers and the development of medical science has not only historical but also social and cultural significance. The study of their exploits helps to preserve the memory of the heroism of doctors during the war and contributes to the education of patriotism and respect for the medical profession.

Мурзова О.А., Сагитова Г.Р., Ищенко Е.М., Гарянин Р.В., Отто А.И., Фараджова Д.М. Герои-астраханцы, спасавшие от смерти // Медицина и организация здравоохранения. – 2021. – Т. 5, № 3. – С. 63–69. – URL: https://ojs3.gpmu.org/index.php/medorg/article/view/2525 (дата обращения: 12.02.2025).

Сундуков В.А., Джуваляков Г.П. Судебная медицина в Астраханском крае (годы, люди, события). Астрахань: Изд-во АГМА, 2000. 109 с.

Астраханский государственный объединенный историко-архитектурный музей-заповедник. Николай Георгиевич Лычманов (1899–1963): к 115-летию со дня рождения. URL: https://astmuseum.ru/ru/interest/nikolay-georgievich-lychmanov-1899-1963-k-115-letiyu-so-dnya-rozhdeniya/ (дата обращения: 11.02.2025).

В Александро-Мариинской больнице открыли памятную доску хирургу Леону Слувко // БезФормата. – URL: https://astrahan.bezformata.com/listnews/dosku-hirurgu-leonu-sluvko/62529629/ (дата обращения: 11.02.2025).