Physiological adaptation and maladaptation of students in medical university

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Introduction. Physiological adaptation is a complex and multifaceted process that can cause significant difficulties for university students. Exceeding the body's capabilities can disrupt the adaptation process, cause disadaptation and negatively affect the health and performance of students. Goal of the work. Assess the physiological adaptation of students to physical and mental work, determine effective methods for preventing maladjustment.
The purpose of the work is to assess the physiological adaptation of students to physical and mental work, to determine effective methods for the prevention of maladjustment.
Materials and methods of research. The study group consisted of 350 students (1st-3rd year), aged 17-20 years. Adaptation to physical work was assessed using: Functional breathing tests Stange (breath holding on inhalation is normal 50-60 s) and Gench (on exhalation is normal 30-40 s); The Harvard Step Test Index (HST) was calculated by heart rate (HR) after exercise (30 rises per minute for 5 minutes), for the first 30 seconds at the 2nd and 5th minutes of recovery. Adaptation to mental work - multi-level personal questionnaire (MLI) “Adaptability” A.G. Maklakov and S.V. Chermyanina. Adaptive abilities (AS) were obtained by summing points on three scales: neuropsychic stability (NPS), communicative potential (CP) and moral normativity (MN). Maladjustment was studied using the level 2 scale of the DAN questionnaire “Daladaptation disorders” by summing the scores of the AS (Asthenic reactions) and PS (Psychotic reactions) scales. To prevent maladjustment: breathing exercises, auto-training.
Research results. Analysis of functional tests with breath holding by Stange and Genche revealed a decrease in indicators from the norm in 24% of 1st year students, 19.5% of 2nd year students and 13% of 3rd year students. Physical performance of 23% of 1st year students, 17% of 2nd year and 12.5% of 3rd year students was assessed as poor, IGST less than 55. 46% of 1st year students, 38.5% of 2nd year and 32% of 3rd year IGST within 60-70 performance – average. 24% - 1 course, 36% - 2 courses and 39.5% - 3 courses have good physical performance indicators IGST 75-80. Adaptive abilities (AS) of the majority of 1st year students - 51.8%, 2nd year students - 37.5% and 27% 3rd year students - are satisfactory, NPA is at an average level, there is emotional instability, an increase in the level of situational anxiety, sleep disturbances, and a decrease in defensive reactions. Low CP complicates the processes of building contacts with others and increases conflict situations. In 19% of 1st year students, 24% of 2nd year students and 16% of 3rd year students, the adaptation process is reduced, nervous breakdowns occur, which lead to an asthenic state and behavioral disorders, decreased self-esteem and motivation to learn. The DAN questionnaire revealed low resistance to mental stress in 42% of 1st year students and 32% of 2nd year students, 20.5% of 3rd year students, 31% of all students showed increased fatigue, weakness, labile mood, and lack of motivation for professional activities. Breathing exercises and auto-training reduced anxiety levels in 25% of students and restored sleep, which had a positive effect on physical and mental work.
Conclusion. Physiological adaptation and maladaptation of students depends on the physical and mental state of the body, motivation for professional activity.

About the authors

Georgiy Vladimirovich Andreevsky

S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Author for correspondence.
Email: andreevskiy.gosha@bk.ru

Operator of the scientific company of the MMMD

Russian Federation, 194044, Russia, St. Petersburg, st. Academician Lebedeva, 6

Vadim Vladislavovich Markelov

S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: vadim.911@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1077-2026

Operator of the scientific company of the MMMD

Russian Federation, 194044, Russia, St. Petersburg, st. Academician Lebedeva, 6

Danil Yurievich Lazarev

S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: danyatlass@gmail.com

Operator of the scientific company of the MMMD

Russian Federation, 194044, Russia, St. Petersburg, st. Academician Lebedeva, 6

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