Analysis of lung cancer incidence in the Russian Federation


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Abstract

Abstract.

Introduction. Lung cancer (LC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and in 2020 was the leading cause of cancer death. Specifically, lung cancer accounts for 2.2 million (11%) new cancer cases worldwide and 1.8 million (18%) deaths. Lung cancer prevention plays a key role in controlling the disease. Raising public awareness of lung cancer, changing their behavior, habits, timely diagnostic examinations can help to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease. Objective. To analyze the data of LC morbidity among the population in the territory of the Russian Federation for the period from 2011 to 2021. Materials and methods. Materials of domestic and foreign available literature mainly for the last 10 years. Results. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of lung cancer incidence rates among the population of the Russian Federation, a tendency to a slight increase in the rates was established (the increase amounted to 0.6%). It is worth noting that this disease became more frequent in women, there was a 22% increase in the incidence rate in "rough indicators".

As a result of analyzing the dynamics of mortality rates of the population of the Russian Federation from lung cancer, a trend towards a decrease in mortality by 6% was established. However, the mortality of women from malignancy increased by 9%. Conclusions. Analysis of the dynamics of lung cancer morbidity in the Russian Federation for the period from 2011 to 2021 allows us to note a tendency to a slight increase in the indicators. Population awareness of this disease, as well as timely detection of the disease can lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality from cancer.

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Introduction.

Introduction. Lung cancer represents one of the most urgent problems of modern medicine. This disease is the second most frequently diagnosed and was the leading cause of death among cancer patients in 2020, accounting for 2.2 million new cases (11% of the total) and 1.8 million deaths (18% of the total) at the global level [1].

It is particularly important to emphasize that men experience this disease twice as often as women, making it the leading cause of cancer death in the male population [2].

The occurrence of cancer depends on various factors, which are genetic and modifying. Among the modifying ones are: smoking, degree of environmental pollution, working conditions, ionizing radiation, as well as chronic diseases of the respiratory system. Quite often the symptoms of cancer are nonspecific, which leads to delayed diagnosis and timely treatment.

Prevention, including smoking cessation and the use of low-dose computed tomography screening, plays a fundamental role in reducing the incidence of lung cancer [3, 4].

Increasing awareness among the smoking population about the risks and methods of early detection of lung cancer can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease [5].

Purpose of the study. The aim of this study is to analyze the statistics of lung cancer incidence among the population of the Russian Federation in the period from 2011 to 2021.
Materials and methods of the study. The study utilized data from domestic and international sources published over the last ten years.

Results of the study. The study of scientific publications allowed us to establish that in 2021 in Russia there were 56,328 new cases of lung cancer and 46,798 deaths among the adult population. Lung cancer ranks first among oncologic diseases in men, accounting for 16% of the total number of cases [6].
Analysis of the dynamics of indicators for the period from 2011 to 2021 revealed a relatively small increase in the incidence of lung, trachea and bronchial cancer, which amounted to 0.6%. There was a decrease in the growth rate of incidence among men and an increase among women.
The study also showed a 6% decrease in overall mortality from lung cancer, while there was a 9% increase in mortality among women.[6].
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, it caused a decrease in the incidence rate in 2020 due to the closure and reorganization of health facilities, as well as a shortage of specialists who were also affected by the infection. It is worth noting that individuals who underwent chemotherapy or radiation therapy were prone to developing a severe course of COVID-19. This subsequently led to an increase in the number of advanced cases and mortality [7].

By 2021, the territories of SFD (49%), FEFD (47%), and UFD (44%) became the leaders in disease incidence.

This article presents an analysis of studies conducted by both Russian and foreign scientists concerning the incidence of lung cancer in the Russian Federation in the period from 2011 to 2021. The study showed a slight increase in the number of cases of this disease. Particularly noteworthy is the increase in the number of cases among the female population, while the overall mortality rate from lung cancer decreased by 6% over the period.

Conclusion. The conclusion of the work emphasizes that during the ten-year period studied, an increase in the incidence of lung cancer among women was recorded, indicating the need to improve measures to inform the population about the risks and prevention of this disease, as well as the importance of early diagnosis to reduce morbidity and mortality from this disease.

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About the authors

Kamilla Ilmirovna Urazmetova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University

Email: urazmet15@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-4908-6413
Russian Federation, 8 Trubetskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

Maria Olegovna Timofeeva

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Universit

Email: timofeeva_m_o@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7222-7042
Russian Federation, 8 Trubetskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

Vyacheslav Evgenievich Varentsov

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: varentsov_v_e@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4724-9466
SPIN-code: 8232-7696

Candidate of Medical Sciences

Russian Federation, 8 Trubetskaya str., building 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

References

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