Current issues in adolescent nutrition

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The Russian Federation is a multinational country, in each subject of which food habits are formed according to the season and region. The Republic of Tatarstan is represented by ethnic diversity, which is a direct factor affecting the nutrition of adolescents. [1] While the rhythm of large cities, employment in everyday life leads to the popularization of junk food "streetfood" and "fastfood", which also has a direct impact on the nutrition of adolescents. [2]

The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the diet and nutrition system of adolescents, to determine the influence of traditions and junk food in the formation of alimentary habits.

Materials and methods of research. In the first study on the relevance of the ethnic characteristics of the Republic of Tatarstan, 437 parents of adolescents from 6 to 17 years old were surveyed. According to the data obtained, an analysis of the nutritional composition and its comparison were carried out.

In the second study on the use of junk food, 257 adolescents from 14 to 18 (median and fashion – 16 years old) were surveyed.

The results of the study. In the first study, the results on gender are as follows: male is 52%, female is 48%. National distribution: 46% - "Russians" (group I), 41% — "Tatar" (group II). Residents of large cities - 72%, 15% — residents of small towns, 13% — urban settlements. Number of meals (once a day) for group I: 3 — 31%, 4 — 57%, 5 — 12%; for group II: 3 — 28%, 4 — 56%, 5 — 16%. More than 90% in each group noted "Regular meals".

The diet in groups I and II:

Products	I Group	II Group
Beef	52%	65%
Pork	34%	18%
Sheepmeat	9%	15%
Rabbit meat	7%	8%
Poultry meat	57%	61%
Potato	67%	72%
Cabbage	34%	23%
Carrot	32%	29%
Pumpkin	15%	26%
Zucchini	21%	17%
Buckwheat groats	42%	34%
Semolina	23%	24%
Rice	56%	67%
Fish and seafood	42%	37%
Mushrooms	34%	18%
Legumes	26%	20%
Bakery products	62%	68%
Apples and pears	47%	46%
Bananas	54%	51%
Berries	72%	74%
Nuts and dried fruits	41%	59%
Honey	35%	43%
Candies and chocolates	54%	57%

In two groups, more than 87% of respondents noted the regularity of 2-3 meals a day.

In the second study, the gender distribution is as follows: male — 56%, female — 44%. The results of the participants in the questionnaires on the pace of life: high pace – 86%, high workload during the study period – 74% and high workload outside of school – 51%. Results on the number of meals, taking into account snacks (reception/day): 3 — 64%, 4 — 23%, 5 — 13%.

More than 86% of the respondents noted the regularity of their diet. Of the respondents, 9% is the number of participants who eat in fast food establishments every day: in the amount of 2-3 times a week – 23%, in the amount of 1 time a week - 38%, the rest — less often. According to the places of meals, the percentage is as follows: in the house — 35%, in the institution — 24%, in an educational institution — 22%, outdoors (in the park or on the street) — 19%. 73% noted the presence of snacks every day (chips, breadcrumbs, etc.), fast food, 27% — 2-3 times a week. Energy drinks are also popular (1/3 and 1/2 of all respondents daily and 2-3 times a week, respectively). More than 70% of respondents choose food products because of their quick availability, that is, the speed of preparation, fullness and low cost, while the remaining 30% noted the organoleptic properties of the products.

Conclusion. Comparing the results of two studies, we can say that the influence of eating habits, information about the number of times and frequency of meals are made up of meals with the family. At the same time, alimentary habits are also affected by the high prevalence of abuse of fast food products by teenagers, as well as energy drinks. The high calorie content of foods and their imbalance with frequent use leads to a perversion of alimentary habits, which affects the malfunction of the body system and internal organs of a teenager and leads to serious diseases of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.

About the authors

Olga Alekseevna Suvorova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: olya.suvorova.02@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-5602-9528
Russian Federation, 49 Butlerova street, 420012 Kazan, Russian Federation

Bulat Ayratovich Sahabetdinov

Kazan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: b.sahabet@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4867-3194
Russian Federation, 49 Butlerova street, 420012 Kazan, Russian Federation

Aisylu Robertovna Yangirova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: asylu-yangirova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-8919-3513
Russian Federation, 49 Butlerova street, 420012 Kazan, Russian Federation

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