Deformation of mental disorders in the misuse of synthetic cannabinoids
- Authors: Selivanov G.Y.1,2,3,4, Otmakhov A.P.5, Sorokina A.V.5, Bokhan N.A.4
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Affiliations:
- Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia
- Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicholas the Chudotvorca
- Mnukhin S.S. Rehabilitation Treatment Center “Child Psychiatry”
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
- "Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicholas the Chudotvorca"
- Issue: Vol 13 (2024): Материалы XX Международного Бурденковского научного конгресса 18-20 апреля 2024 года
- Pages: 462-463
- Section: Психиатрия с наркологией
- URL: https://new.vestnik-surgery.com/index.php/2415-7805/article/view/9232
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Abstract
Introduction. Since the early 2000s, psychiatrists and narcologists in Russia and Europe began to notice an increase in the number of mental disorders associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids (SC). Our and other studies have previously shown that the use of this drug contributes to the onset of acute psychotic states and in certain cases may be a factor contributing to the development of schizophrenia. The impact of synthetic cannabinoids on mental disorders is still poorly understood and remains a pressing issue to this day. Target. studying the phenomenon of deformation of mental disorders due to the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids. Materials and methods. 285 men were examined: 235 with addiction to SC (F12.2), (of which 97 were diagnosed with personality and behavioral disorders in adulthood (F60.xx–F62.xx), 139 with schizophrenia F20.xx), as well as 50 people with schizophrenia without substance abuse or dependence. The study took place on the basis of psychiatric institutions in the Tomsk region (SibiFNKTs, Seversk; Research Institute of PZ, TKPB, SSMP, Tomsk), St. Petersburg (PND No. 5, PB No. 2") and Nizhnevartovsk (NPNB), Noyabrsk (NPND). Methods. Follow-up, clinical-psychopathological (PANS, SANS, CGI, MMPI), statistical (SPSS, Python). Results. SCs can initiate a state of intoxication, contributing to the occurrence of psychotic episodes and serve as a “trigger” for the development of schizophrenia. There are four types of drug intoxication: delusional, schizophrenic, with pseudohallucinations and delirious. The personality traits of patients dependent on SC are directly related to such manifestations as emotional instability, rigidity, introversion and a tendency to deviant behavior. Characteristics of nonconformist personality disorder patients who abuse drugs include disorganization, conflict, unpredictability, spontaneity, frivolity, impulsiveness, and non-compliance with rules and regulations. The use of SC can smooth out the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and cause an exacerbation of exogenous psychoproductive symptoms; it can also shorten the period of drug addiction formation and introduce new symptoms associated with withdrawal syndrome. Patients with schizophrenia who abuse SC do not experience an emotional defect, showing emotionality and a desire to communicate. Conclusions. The phenomenon of SC abuse has become one of the main factors contributing to the emergence of distorted mental disorders. In the clinical picture of exacerbations of schizophrenia, stable exogenous threatening illusory, hallucinatory, and delirious perception disorders are observed. In a state of remission of schizophrenia, the ability to adapt to social and professional environments, mainly associated with addiction and the criminal sphere, is surprisingly revealed. However, the stigmatizing feature here is the predominance of volitional disorders, which manifest themselves in emotional apathy, as well as in frequent cases of rehospitalization not directly related to drug addiction. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders have behavioral disorders characterized by a tendency to crime, rejection of society, a desire for isolation in their addictive environment, as well as increased suspicion and suspiciousness. In people with a personality disorder, actual “schizophrenic” behavior can be noted.
Full Text
Introduction. Since the early 2000s, psychiatrists and narcologists in Russia and Europe began to notice an increase in the number of mental disorders associated with the use of synthetic cannabinoids (SC). Our and other studies have previously shown that the use of this drug contributes to the onset of acute psychotic states and in certain cases may be a factor contributing to the development of schizophrenia. The impact of synthetic cannabinoids on mental disorders is still poorly understood and remains a pressing issue to this day. Target. studying the phenomenon of deformation of mental disorders due to the abuse of synthetic cannabinoids. Materials and methods. 285 men were examined: 235 with addiction to SC (F12.2), (of which 97 were diagnosed with personality and behavioral disorders in adulthood (F60.xx–F62.xx), 139 with schizophrenia F20.xx), as well as 50 people with schizophrenia without substance abuse or dependence. The study took place on the basis of psychiatric institutions in the Tomsk region (SibiFNKTs, Seversk; Research Institute of PZ, TKPB, SSMP, Tomsk), St. Petersburg (PND No. 5, PB No. 2") and Nizhnevartovsk (NPNB), Noyabrsk (NPND). Methods. Follow-up, clinical-psychopathological (PANS, SANS, CGI, MMPI), statistical (SPSS, Python). Results. SCs can initiate a state of intoxication, contributing to the occurrence of psychotic episodes and serve as a “trigger” for the development of schizophrenia. There are four types of drug intoxication: delusional, schizophrenic, with pseudohallucinations and delirious. The personality traits of patients dependent on SC are directly related to such manifestations as emotional instability, rigidity, introversion and a tendency to deviant behavior. Characteristics of nonconformist personality disorder patients who abuse drugs include disorganization, conflict, unpredictability, spontaneity, frivolity, impulsiveness, and non-compliance with rules and regulations. The use of SC can smooth out the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and cause an exacerbation of exogenous psychoproductive symptoms; it can also shorten the period of drug addiction formation and introduce new symptoms associated with withdrawal syndrome. Patients with schizophrenia who abuse SC do not experience an emotional defect, showing emotionality and a desire to communicate. Conclusions. The phenomenon of SC abuse has become one of the main factors contributing to the emergence of distorted mental disorders. In the clinical picture of exacerbations of schizophrenia, stable exogenous threatening illusory, hallucinatory, and delirious perception disorders are observed. In a state of remission of schizophrenia, the ability to adapt to social and professional environments, mainly associated with addiction and the criminal sphere, is surprisingly revealed. However, the stigmatizing feature here is the predominance of volitional disorders, which manifest themselves in emotional apathy, as well as in frequent cases of rehospitalization not directly related to drug addiction. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders have behavioral disorders characterized by a tendency to crime, rejection of society, a desire for isolation in their addictive environment, as well as increased suspicion and suspiciousness. In people with a personality disorder, actual “schizophrenic” behavior can be noted.
About the authors
Georgy Yurievich Selivanov
Saint Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia; Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicholas the Chudotvorca; Mnukhin S.S. Rehabilitation Treatment Center “Child Psychiatry”; Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Email: gergy89selivanov@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8555-3987
SPIN-code: 2758-2820
Scopus Author ID: 57392711400
ResearcherId: AAB-3859-2021
https://vk.com/selivanovgu
Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Department of Addictive States, Associate Professor, Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of Extreme Situations, psychiatrist, narcologist, psychotherapist
Russian Federation, 196105, St. Petersburg, Moskovsky Ave., 149; 190121, St. Petersburg, emb. Moika River, 126; 197022, St. Petersburg, st. Chapygina, 13; 634014, Tomsk, st. Aleutskaya, 4Andrey Pavlovich Otmakhov
"Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicholas the Chudotvorca"
Email: otmakhov_a@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1082-2388
http://svnic.spb.ru
head doctor
Russian Federation, 190121, St. Petersburg, emb. Moika River, 126Anna Veniaminovna Sorokina
"Psychiatric Hospital of St. Nicholas the Chudotvorca"
Email: annaanais260@gmail.com
doctor: psychiatrist, narcologist, psychotherapist of the psychiatric department
Russian Federation, 190121, St. Petersburg, emb. Moika River, 126Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bokhan
Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Author for correspondence.
Email: niipzso@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1052-855X
SPIN-code: 2419-1263
Scopus Author ID: 6506895310
ResearcherId: P-1720-2014
http://www.mental-health.ru
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Director of the Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation, 634014, г. Томск, ул. Алеутская, 4