SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS OF THE KURSK STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE: 1935-1940

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Relevance. The scientific schools of the Kursk State Medical Institute/University, throughout history, embody the unity of fundamental research and practical medicine and are personified by the names of outstanding Russian scientists.
This article is dedicated to the creation of the first volume of research papers, which are the results of many years of work of the founding scientists of many scientific schools of the KSMU. The next issue was released only in 1946, i.e. in the post-war years [1, 2]
The purpose of the study was to restore and preserve the history of the formation and formation of scientific schools of the Kursk State Medical University.
Materials and methods of research. The data for the analytical work were the facts describing the formation of scientific schools of the KSMU, which were published in the 1st Issue of the 1st Volume of scientific papers of the Kursk State Medical Institute. The formation of scientific research at the Kursk State Medical Institute has been analyzed since the year of the opening of the departments.
The results of the study. In the early years of the existence of the Department of Normal Anatomy of KSMU, its head was Professor L.A. Shangina, who also initiated the creation of the anatomical museum. Lyudmila Antoninovna Shangina took the post of Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and headed the Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy. Prior to that, the professor worked at the Department of Normal Anatomy of the IGMI, and then the 1st MMI. In 1945 Lyudmila Antoninovna became the head of the Department of Normal Anatomy of SmolSMU. Professor Shangina was awarded the Order of Lenin for outstanding achievements in scientific and educational activities [3].
The Department of Normal Physiology of KSMU was established in 1936. Its first head was Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Nikolai Konstantinovich Vereshchagin. Being one of the leading specialists in the field of normal physiology throughout the Soviet Union, Nikolai Konstantinovich made a huge contribution to the development of the department. He created one of the first textbooks on normal physiology for medical students. After the war, Vereshchagin headed the Department of Normal Physiology of the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute, where he continued his research activities in the field of normal physiology, focusing on the study of sports physiology [1].
The Department of Biological and Organic Chemistry of KSMU was established in 1936. It was headed by Professor M.I. Ravich-Shcherbo. Mikhail Iosifovich was a representative of the scientific school of the Department of Biological Chemistry of the 2nd MGMI. The professor's scientific research was aimed at studying the chemical and physical properties of lipid antibodies. Mikhail Iosifovich is one of the leading scientists in the Soviet Union in the field of synthesis of antibodies and antigens in vivo. Having made a huge contribution to the development of domestic serology, microbiology and virology, having improved the methodology of the Wasserman reaction, Professor Ravich-Shcherbo created his own scientific school on the basis of KSMI [1].
In 1938, the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases was established, Professor A.A. Stein, the son of a well-known dermatovenerologist, became its head. Alexander Alexandrovich, as a representative of the Leningrad scientific School of Dermatology and Venereology, made a great contribution to the improvement of this field of medicine. Professor Stein was one of the world's leading experts in the diagnosis of skin diseases. It was he who created the phenomenon of meta-analysis of the occurrence of cancers, in particular skin cancer. Alexander Alexandrovich believed that any carcinotic condition is initiated by smaller disorders that can be identified and diagnosed, thereby preventing their development and transformation into cancerous tumors [2].
In the same year, the Department of Faculty Therapy of KSMI was established. Its first head was H.N. Levitan, a representative of the scientific school of the Department of Therapy of the 2nd MGMI, a student of N.A. Kabanov.
Moreover, in 1938 the Department of Nervous Diseases was founded, headed by A.I. Zlatoverov [2, 3]. The professor studied the effects of various toxins on the higher nervous activity of a person, as well as the course of various vegetative functions.
Conclusions. The scientific schools of KSMU are a set of achievements of great Soviet scientists and their practically significant research and works. These are Shangina and Vereshchagin, Ravich-Shcherbo and Stein, Zlatoverov, etc. The traditions laid down by the founders of scientific schools have been preserved and developed for eighty-eight years.

About the authors

Apollinariya Arturovna Lapshina

Email: apollinariya.la@icloud.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7085-9051
SPIN-code: 8727-9985
ResearcherId: HLP-5804-2023
Russian Federation, 3, K. Markx str., Kursk, 305000, Russia

Anatoliy Valerievich Erofeev

Author for correspondence.
Email: erofeev.erofeevtolik@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0593-9087
SPIN-code: 3720-5750
Russian Federation, 3, K. Markx str., Kursk, 305000, Russia

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