ANALYSIS OF THE INCIDENCE OF BREAST CANCER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION


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Abstract

Relevance: Breast cancer (breast cancer) in the global structure of malignant neoplasms in women ranks 1st in morbidity and mortality. In 2020, more than 2.2 million cases of breast cancer were registered worldwide and about 685,000 women died from this disease. Today, breast cancer prevention plays a key role in the fight against the disease. Increasing women's awareness of breast cancer, changing their behavior, regular diagnostic examinations can significantly affect the reduction of the incidence of this disease.

Objective: To analyze the data on the incidence of the female population of breast cancer in the territory of the Russian Federation for the period from 2010 to 2020.

Methods: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation of breast cancer over a 10-year period.

Result: As a result of a retrospective epidemiological analysis, it was noted that the incidence of breast cancer in the population of the Russian Federation is registered annually throughout the analyzed period.In the dynamics of morbidity, there is a persistent tendency to an increase in morbidity with a high approximation coefficient (R = 1, an increase of 14.48 per 100 thousand population).

In the structure of the identified stages of breast cancer disease, the share of newly identified cases of the initial stage of the disease (1-2) accounts for the largest proportion (69%), and to a lesser extent (22% and 9%) – at stages 3 and 4, respectively.In the dynamics of each stage of breast cancer incidence in the population of the Russian Federation, there is a slight tendency to increase the detection of breast cancer at stages 1-2 of the disease and a tendency to decrease the detection of patients with stage 3 and even less often with stage 4 of the disease.

During the first year after the diagnosis of breast cancer, a fatal outcome is registered in 6.9% of patients, there is a tendency to decrease in indicators by 2020.

Conclusion: The dynamics of the incidence of breast cancer in the Russian Federation over the analyzed period has a persistent tendency to increase with a high approximation coefficient (R = 1). Diagnosis of breast cancer disease reveals this disease in patients at the early stages (1-2 stages) – 69%, in other cases, the diagnosis is made already at the late 3-4 stages (31%). The established fact of timely detection of the disease in the early stages can contribute to the timely initiation of therapy, which is the prevention of delayed treatment and cases of death

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RELEVANCE
Breast cancer (BC) remains a global problem for all mankind [1]. In 2020, more than 2.2 million cases of breast cancer were registered worldwide, and about 685,000 women on our planet died from this disease [2].
In Russia, breast cancer ranks first among malignant neoplasms among women (20.9%) [3].
The cause of the disease in only 3-10% of patients is associated with a genetic predisposition - the presence of mutations in genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, etc.). In all other patients, breast cancer has a random character [4]. With age, the risk of developing cancer increases, usually breast cancer is diagnosed in women aged 55 to 64 years [5].
Today, breast cancer prevention plays a key role in the fight against the disease. Increasing women's awareness of breast cancer, changing their behavior, regular diagnostic examinations can significantly affect the reduction in the incidence of this disease. Unfortunately, the number of women who regularly undergo mammography still remains at an unsatisfactory level [6].
In Russia, primary prevention of malignant neoplasms, including breast cancer, is most fully carried out with the help of medical examinations of the population [7]. Screening of women using mammography contributes to the detection of breast cancer at early (1-2) stages and the detection of benign tumors of the mammary glands [8].
Increasing women's awareness of breast cancer and ways to prevent it, as well as methods of early diagnosis, can help reduce the incidence and mortality from breast cancer [4].

TARGET
Conduct an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the female population of the Russian Federation for the period from 2010 to 2020.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Accounting and reporting forms "Malignant neoplasms in Russia (morbidity and mortality)" and "The state of oncological care for the population of Russia" according to the collections of the Institute named after P.A. Herzen, materials of scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors.
Retrospective epidemiological analysis of breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in the population of the Russian Federation over a 10-year period using the Microsoft Excel package.

RESULTS
As a result of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the population of the Russian Federation over a 10-year period, it was found that this pathology in the analyzed territories is recorded annually in the range from 355.7 to 500.5 per 100 thousand population. The dynamics of morbidity has a strong trend towards an increase in morbidity with a high approximation coefficient (R = 1), the increase was 14.48 per 100 thousand of the population.
The average long-term indicator in the structure of detection of stages of breast cancer at stages 1-2 of the disease was 69%, the share of stages 3 and 4 of the first diagnosis was 22% and 9%, respectively. Early detection of this pathology contributes to
positive dynamics of the started treatment and decrease in cases of lethal outcomes.
In the dynamics of the diagnosis, there is a slight trend towards an increase in the diagnosis of the disease at early (1-2) stages, the approximation coefficient (R = 0.9); when registering stage 3 breast cancer, a downward trend is recorded with an approximation coefficient (R = 1); detection of patients with an advanced tumor process (stage 4) a downward trend has been established until 2019. In 2020, there is an increase of 0.6% compared to the previous year, approximation coefficient (R = 0.9), which may be due to the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection Covid -19, since the activities of most medical organizations were focused on combating With the new disease, the diagnosis of breast cancer in this period could be given less time, which led to an increase in detected patients already at the late 4th stage of the disease.
When analyzing the cases of mortality in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, it was noted that during the first year after the detection of the disease, a lethal outcome is recorded in 6.9% of patients, there is a persistent downward trend in indicators by 2020 with an approximation coefficient (R = 0, 9). Analyzing the dynamics of incidence, we found that during the first year from the moment of diagnosis, death from breast cancer was recorded 0.4% less frequently in 2011, 2012, 2017, and in 2013 the mortality rate decreased by 0 .7%. So, in comparison with 2010, the mortality rates in 2020 decreased by 3.9%.

DISCUSSION
Summary of the main result of the study: Analysis of data from scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors, and a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the Russian Federation population for the period from 2010 to 2020. made it possible to identify a persistent upward trend in indicators, with a high coefficient of approximation. The structure of the diseased is dominated by persons with a first diagnosis at stages 1-2 of the disease. In the dynamics of each stage of breast cancer, there is a tendency towards an increase in the detection of patients with stages 1-2 of the disease and a tendency towards a decrease in the detection of patients at late stages 3-4. Mortality within a year after the diagnosis of breast cancer over a 10-year period decreased by 3.9%.

CONCLUSION
As a result of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the dynamics of the incidence of the population of the Russian Federation over the analyzed period, we found an annual increase in the incidence of breast cancer with a strong upward trend with a high coefficient of approximation. Over a 10-year period, this diagnosis in women of the Russian Federation has become more common at stages 1-2 and registered less frequently at late 3-4 stages of the disease, as a result of seeking medical help. Thus, the establishment of a diagnosis at an early stage can reduce the mortality rate of patients and obtain a higher effect from the prescribed treatment.

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About the authors

Aleksandra Mikhailovna Belikova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N.Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: belka_s98@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4541-6451
Russian Federation, 10 Studentskaya str., Voronezh, 394036, Russia

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