DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF MILITARY PERSONNEL BY REMOTE METHOD

Full Text

Relevance. Determining the functional state of military personnel is one of the important areas of military medicine. Many studies cover this problem in sufficient detail, however, it is still relevant to search for methods that will allow you to do this in any conditions, including field conditions. Accordingly, such methods must meet the requirements for simplicity, efficiency, efficiency, accessibility. Our research was directly aimed at finding such techniques with their subsequent application to cadets of the branch of the Academy of the Russian Academy of Strategic Missile Forces. Peter the Great.
Goal. To consider and evaluate the methods of remote study of the functional state of military personnel on the example of cadets studying at the branch of the Military Academy of the RVSN. Peter the Great.
Materials and methods.
In the course of the work, methods were identified and analyzed that make it possible to study FS remotely using questionnaires, performing functional tests and psychological tests. The subjects for this study were taken from among the cadets of the 3rd faculty of the 3rd year of the branch of the Military Academy of the RVSN. Peter the Great in the number of 16 people. Testing took place between December 20, 2022 and December 25, 2022. At the first stage, it is necessary to pass a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions, which allows you to identify problems with sleep, emotional state, increased needs for rest, physiological disorders, as well as to assess the impact of SVO on these changes. To establish a trusting relationship, the survey is conducted in the first person, and for the convenience of passing it assumes the answers "YES", "NO" or "YES / NO". It is important to note that it is necessary to give a detailed answer to the last question about any of your subjective manifestations of fatigue or stress, however, this item is optional and should be filled in at the discretion of the person taking the test. Further, the servicemen were offered precise instructions for conducting functional tests and measuring their indicators. The samples were selected in such a way that they were easy to perform for the study participants. To achieve independent and accurate results, cadets were sent instructions without normal values for each sample. At the final stage, it was proposed to undergo a psychological study. The questionnaire "Well-being, activity, mood" (SAN) consists of 30 pairs of words with polar meanings, where the subject needs to assess his condition at the time of examination and choose the most appropriate value. Each cadet is evaluated separately according to the average value for such indicators as well-being, activity, mood. The results were correlated with the norm for this group and expressed as a percentage.
Results. As a result of the study, the material was obtained, the analysis of which allowed us to conclude that the evaluation methods can be conditionally divided into 2 groups:
1. Subjective self-determination.
2. Objective determination by means of tests (functional and psychological).
The first stage of our work was to create our own questionnaire consisting of 20 questions. The main thing for her were the existing surveys, which we have worked out and adapted to the present. There are 4 degrees of fatigue: 28-38 - severe fatigue, 17-27 – moderate fatigue, 9-16 – mild fatigue, 0-8 – FS is normal. The results showed that among the test group, 50% of people notice any changes in their body, but their number corresponds to the limits of the norm. The rest of the participants were divided into 2 groups with moderate and mild fatigue with a significant predominance of the latter (37% and 13%). It is worth noting that there were no cadets who noted a significant number of signs that allowed them to be attributed to a group with a strong degree of fatigue.
The second stage of the work was the development of precise instructions for self-conducting functional tests, obtaining and analyzing the results from the subjects. Here it is appropriate to pay attention to the measurement of the pulse on the radial arteries, blood pressure using a tonometer, the conduct of respiratory tests by Stange-Gencha, Serkin, orthostatic test with the calculation of emergencies, the Martinet-Kushelevsky test. The results showed that the excess of normal values (approx. for this age group, the normal values for pulse are 60-80 beats /min, for blood pressure 100-130/70-80 mmHg.) when measuring pulse and blood pressure were not detected. Respiratory samples do not correspond to the reference values in only 3 subjects, which is 18%. An orthostatic test with a heart rate calculation is higher in 1 participant (6%), and a test with a load in 2 (12%). It is worth noting that deviations from normal indicators are insignificant, and it is also important to take into account that this may be a consequence of pathology and not be a manifestation of a change in FS.
The final stage is the conduct of psychological research. The SAN tests turned out to be very useful for us. Scores exceeding 4 points indicate a favorable condition of the subject, below 4 – an unfavorable one. Normal values are in the range of 5.0–5.5 points. It should be taken into account that when analyzing the functional state, not only the values of individual indicators are important, but also their ratio (approx. considering more precise norms, consider the ratio 1.08:1:1.02 to be normal).
During the analysis of the results, it turned out that 2 subjects (12%) had below 4 points in terms of "well-being", 5 (31%) in terms of "activity", 7 (43%) in terms of "mood", the ratio of SAN indicators was violated in 9 (55%) of the study participants.
Discussion. Passing the questionnaire and the SAN test allowed the subjects themselves to think about their problems with sleep, emotional state, and increased needs for rest. When conducting functional tests, we assumed that if there is a deviation from normal indicators, the risk of having an uncompensated stage of fatigue is significantly high. However, the results showed that the excess of the norm is insignificant. Based on the work carried out, it can be assumed that the methods we have proposed for remote assessment of the functional state of military personnel have proved effective, since they allow us to identify signs of fatigue in the early stages during the independent analysis of their vital activity by military personnel.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, material was obtained, the analysis of which shows that the determination of the functional state of military personnel by remote method is possible and quite effective. These studies combine ease of implementation and are suitable for use in any conditions. The methods proposed by us can be used as a screening diagnosis of FS deterioration. Earlier detection of signs of fatigue is the key to successful normalization of the condition of military personnel.

About the authors

Olga Olegovna Astafeva

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: astafolya2001@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7194-1105
SPIN-code: 3172-7168
Russian Federation, 10 Studentskaya str., Voronezh, 394036, Russia

Roman Olegovych Golubykh

Branch of the Military Academy of the RVSN named after Peter the Great

Email: Roma.golubix@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3752-8584
SPIN-code: 1111-1112
Russian Federation, 17 Brigadnaya str., Serpukhov, 142210, Russia

References