THE RELEVANCE OF THE SCHOOL OF FIRST AID, THE ROLE OF A NURSE IN ITS FUNCTIONING


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Abstract

The relevance of this topic is due to the need to highlight the work of the school of first aid (PP), because this is one of the forms of preventive work of medical staff, which consists in training participants in the main aspects of providing assistance directly at the scene of events. The purpose of this school is to raise public awareness about the basics of first aid, its scope, responsibility and effectiveness criteria.
The main directions of the school of first aid:
1. Formation of students' strong skills and conscious knowledge in first aid
2. Formation of the correct algorithm of actions in providing first aid to victims
3. Formation of students' correct attitude to their health
4. Increasing the interest of the population in the field of first aid training
5. Formation of knowledge about the signs of pathological conditions that require urgent measures.
The role of a nurse in the organization and work of the school of the first pomorsch:
1. Informing the population on the most pressing issues of first aid
2. Development and consolidation of skills performed during first aid
3. Clarification of rights and obligations in the provision of first aid
As a rule, in the event of an accident, eyewitnesses of the incident can provide assistance-ordinary people who have the right to provide it. Basically, such people have minimal training and knowledge in first aid. Nevertheless, eyewitnesses of the incident can perform simple actions and eliminate the immediate danger to the victim.
The purpose of the work is to determine the main activities of a nurse in the first aid school.
Materials and methods. In the course of the study, a questionnaire was conducted during 2022-2023 in the social network VKONTAKTE. 52 people participated in the survey.
The results of this survey show satisfactory results of the analysis of people's basic knowledge about in the field of providing PP. The survey also showed a lack of knowledge in some areas.
Conclusion The purpose of preventive work of nurses is to provide as much practical and theoretical knowledge as possible in the field of first aid, demonstration and development of basic skills, clarification of legal aspects, therefore their role in the school of "First Aid" is very great. Nurses make a great contribution to the development and functioning of such schools, increasing the medical literacy of the population. Basic knowledge about first aid, not only can be useful to the listeners themselves in everyday life (for example, first aid for burns), but also can save the lives of other people

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relevance
First aid is a set of simple measures that all eyewitnesses or witnesses of the incident can perform. Even elementary calling an ambulance to the victim is already considered assistance. So, for example, if a stroke or heart attack is suspected, it is important to meet the therapeutic window, which is 4.5 hours, to save a person, but many, unfortunately, do not know about it. Unfortunately, untimely provision of PP can lead to disability, and sometimes to death. Therefore, it is important to organize "First Aid" schools on the basis of medical institutions. It is the medical professionals who should explain: how to properly provide first aid in case of a heart attack / stroke, how to correctly give the right position to the victim in any situation or if he is unconscious. Health workers should work out with the population all the details concerning urgent measures for life-threatening conditions. It is also important to instill in people a sense of responsibility in this regard, so that they do not pass by someone else's misfortune, but can always help the injured person at the highest level within their capabilities. Do not forget about the level of the material provided: it should be accessible, understandable, easy to remember, illustrated if possible, it is necessary to explain to listeners about the principles of safety for the rescuer and the victim during first aid.purpose
To determine the main activities of a nurse in the first aid school.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The methods of voluntary questioning and statistical processing of the results were used in the work. The survey included 13 questions, which were answered by men and women from 19 to 45 years old. A total of 52 people were interviewed. The essence of the survey was to understand how well the population is informed about the basic activities carried out during first aid.
The study was carried out during 2022-2023, in the social network "VKONTAKTE"
RESULTS
The role of a nurse in the first aid school is very great. A nurse should accurately and clearly tell and show the basic principles of first aid. It is also important to have a psychological attitude so that there is no panic during emergency situations. Nurses should also teach the basics of self-help, which is also not a little important. Let's discuss the results of the survey obtained during the study. The questions that were part of the questionnaire concerned the most important aspects of first aid: "How is cardiovascular resuscitation performed, "Signs of internal bleeding?", "Should blisters be opened and treated for burns?", "The time of the therapeutic window for heart attack/stroke?", "How is a tourniquet applied when arterial bleeding?".
The results of the questionnaire on the question "In what ratio are chest compressions and artificial lung ventilation performed during CPR?" pleased, because more than half (67%) answered correctly, the remaining 33% believe that it is correct to do 15 pressures and 1 breath. To the second question: "Should blisters be opened and treated for burns?" the majority answered correctly ("No" -82% "Yes" - 18%).
To the question: "Signs of arterial bleeding?" more than half of the people chose the option about the bright red color of blood and the pulsating nature of its outflow (86%). In addition, I am glad that many people really know: how can you suspect whether there is internal bleeding or not (by the color of the skin, blood pressure level and consciousness). However, the questions concerning the correct transportation in case of various types of damage, especially the application of tires, were beyond the power of most respondents.
The questionnaire on the question: "The time of the therapeutic window for heart attack / stroke?" showed that most people (78%) do not know the answer to this question. On the contrary, knowledge of the rules for applying a tourniquet for arterial bleeding is excellent: 96% of respondents said that a tourniquet should be applied 4-6 cm above the wound.
The majority of respondents supported the participation of not only doctors, but also nurses in the work of the school, since first aid does not imply medical education at all, and the simpler the presentation of the material, the more it will be perceived by listeners.
The results of this survey show that there is a need for preventive work of medical personnel on first aid issues. A medical professional should more actively disseminate correct and reliable knowledge about the principles of first aid. As much time as possible should be devoted to practical skills, for example, determining consciousness, pulse, respiratory rate, conducting a complex of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. An important aspect of informing is the accessibility and consistency of the presentation of the material: to explain why it is important to ensure the depth and frequency of chest compression, how to proceed with artificial lung ventilation.
In addition, it is important that medical professionals have an active (up-to-date) website or an Internet page where all the provisions and necessary information will be posted in an accessible form. It will also be effective to use training videos that can be filmed by medical professionals themselves and put them on the site. It is desirable that not only doctors, but also nurses, take an active part in the creation and development of such schools, because they are the ones who communicate with people more often, following the recommendations and prescriptions of doctors, conduct patronages, and actively engage in preventive activities. In addition, by organizing and conducting classes at the PP school, nurses develop themselves and improve their knowledge and skills.
DISCUSSION
As the results of the survey showed, most people do not have the full range of useful skills and knowledge in providing PP, but they themselves are interested in the basic principles of first aid, additional information and understand how important it is to know.
CONCLUSION
Public health protection is one of the priorities in the healthcare system of our country and is always in the spotlight. Any medical worker, including nurses, must have the most advanced and up-to-date knowledge in their field of activity.
The survey showed that the knowledge of the population on the basics of first aid needs to be updated and deepened. Medical workers themselves should take an active part in this. The quality and quantity of up-to-date information disseminated can be expanded if digital technologies are used, educational videos are distributed, and special first aid memos are developed for the population. You can also use online tests to consolidate the material and situational tasks.
Thus, the trend towards the development of "First Aid" schools is very important. Nurses can make a significant contribution to their functioning by telling and demonstrating first aid skills. Medical workers can teach a lot that will help the population in the future with self-help or in providing assistance to the victim. First aid in an emergency is always a very exciting moment, but when a person knows all the principles of first aid, he will never get lost and will help the victim at the highest level.

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About the authors

Valeria Mikhailovna Likhachova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: likhachovava2002@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1858-7343

Student,Institute of Nursing Education, Department of Nursing Organization

Russian Federation, 10 Studenntskaya str., Voronezh, 394036, Russia

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