A DOCTOR IS NOT A PROFESSION, BUT THE MEANING OF LIFE. THE DYNASTY OF THE YUDENICH FAMILY IN THE WALLS OF THE SMOLENSK STATE MEDICAL INSTITUTE

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In a family, facial features, facial expressions and behavioral patterns, traditions and memories dear to the heart are transmitted from generation to generation, but the legacy that determines fate is especially important - this is a profession. In such families, the continuity of generations is surprisingly developed, where work is a vocation, and the desire to continue this branch comes from the very depths of the soul. In dynasties, the older generation, with devotion to work, a bright fire in their eyes and an exorbitant store of knowledge and experience, completely and forever immerse children in an atmosphere of true love and respect for the profession, which remains part of this family for decades. Great respect is given to the dynasties of doctors whose lives are given to people once and for all. Those who have connected their lives with medicine save hundreds of lives every day, every day is devoted to helping the suffering and finding solutions to the most difficult tasks, because a person in a white coat will never leave the needy. This profession requires confidence and self-sacrifice, sincere love for people and kindness, readiness for difficulties and selflessness. One of these dynasties is the Yudenich family, members of a family that is still remembered by people as true representatives of this noble profession.
Vasily Alexandrovich Yudenich was born on February 12, 1897 in the village of. Shestakovo, Dukhovshchinsky district, Smolensk province (now a village in the Kardymovsky district, Smolensk region). Vasily Aleksandrovich and his younger brother Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yudenich were born and raised in the family of a priest. In 1925, Vasily Alexandrovich graduated from the medical faculty of Smolensk University.
Vasily Alexandrovich Yudenich began his professional career within the walls of Smolensk University back in 1924. While still a student, he came to work as a preparator at the Department of Microbiology, which at that time was headed by Professor B.L. Patsevich.
Already 3 years later, in 1927, after the departure of Professor B.L. Patsevich to work in Leningrad, the management of the department passes into the hands of Professor M.P. Izabolinsky, and Yudenich was elected the second assistant of the department, then he was awarded the academic title of associate professor, and Vasily Aleksandrovich became a researcher at the Smolensk Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. At this time, he is studying the serodiagnosis of scleroma and is working on obtaining placental extracts for the prevention of measles.
1939 V.A. was appointed head of the Department of Microbiology. Yudenich, who worked in this post until 1967. For 28 years, he managed to become vice-rector for the scientific part of the Smolensk Medical Institute, defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic "Vaccinal prevention of tularemia." In addition to the experimental and epidemiological substantiation of the effectiveness of vaccinations with the Gaisky-Elbert live tularemia vaccine, the issue of the timing and methods of revaccination has been developed in the work. Also in other scientific works were issues of immunity and specific prevention of infectious diseases; work on serodiagnosis of rhinoscleroma, tuberculosis, experimental gonorrhea, and others. There are a total of 70 published scientific works of Vasily Aleksandrovich.
The year 1941 becomes difficult both for the whole country and for the Smolensk Medical Institute, which was forced to evacuate to the city of Chkalov (now Orenburg). Vasily Alexandrovich was forced to leave Smolensk together with the IEM and will go to evacuation. On the basis of the Chkalovsky and Smolensk institutes, a large-scale research and production center was founded, in which V.A. Yudenich supervised the production of vaccines and sera for the soldiers of the Soviet Army and the rear. It was for his conscientious work during the difficult years of the Great Patriotic War that he was awarded the medal "For Valiant and Selfless Labor during the Great Patriotic War."
In September 1943, the Smolensk region was liberated from Nazi occupation. On January 15, 1945, on a call from the director of the medical institute V.A. Batanov Professor Vasily Alexandrovich left Orenburg for Smolensk in order to restore the work of the Department of Microbiology. The organization of the department had to start from the very beginning on the basis of a dilapidated bacteriological institute, since the educational building, where the department was located in the pre-war years, was destroyed by the Germans with all the property remaining in it. Yudenich personally brought reagents, laboratory glassware from Orenburg, and the Medical Institute allocated 10 microscopes to the department. Already at the end of January 1945, classes began with students. I had to work in terrible conditions: rooms that were heated with an iron stove, tables knocked together “in haste” from everything that could be useful, boards nailed to chumps served as benches. Despite the inhuman conditions, the staff of the department, and these are only three people (Prof. V.A. Yudenich, temporarily invited assistant A.A. Kozlova and preparator M.T. Kuzmenkova), did everything possible for its restoration and normal work.
An invaluable contribution was made by the students themselves, who provided incredible support and assistance. Studying very hard, they also took part in equipment of the department, the position of which improved every year, and in 1952 the department began to grow and flourish vigorously, accepting students entering the medical faculty, the number of which increased significantly.
In 1967, Vasily Aleksandrovich Yudenich left the position of head of the department and retired. For his exorbitant contribution to the development of science, devotion to medicine and the development of health care, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the Order of the Badge of Honor, a Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, and a badge "Excellent Health Care Worker".
Nikolai Alexandrovich was born on May 22, 1900 - the younger brother of Vasily Alexandrovich Yudenich. Just like his older brother, he studied at the medical faculty of Smolensk University. In 1923, Professor D.S. Vorontsov, the head of the department of normal physiology, recruits students Lavrenty Grigorievich Trofimov and Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yudenich to work at the department, who worked as preparators of the department and began to conduct practical classes with students.
In 1925, after graduating from the university, L.G. Trofimov and N.A. Yudenich received assistant positions at the Department of Physiology. The first outstanding works of Nikolai Aleksandrovich took place under the direction of D.S. Vorontsov. In 1929, together with Petr Osipovich Makarov, they made the greatest discovery about the transmission of impulses along nerve fibers using an action potential, and a number of other works.
In 1930 D.S. Vorontsov moves to work in Kazan and the position of the head of the department remains empty for a whole year. During this period, lectures on physiology were given to students by N.A. Yudenich.
In 1935, Nikolai Aleksandrovich was awarded the degree of candidate of medical sciences, after which he was approved with the rank of associate professor and elected to the position of head of the department.
The scientific specificity of the work of the department in the period from 1931 to 1941 was devoted to the physiology of neuromuscular endings and the conditions for the transmission of excitation from the nerve to the skeletal muscle. At the beginning of 1941, at the Kiev Medical Institute, N.A. Yudenich defends his doctoral dissertation on the topic “On the mechanism of conducting excitation through the nerve endings of the skeletal muscle”, after which he will soon receive the title of professor.
In 1941, the department had good prospects, but the plan was not destined to be fulfilled, the Great Patriotic War began, and all the property was evacuated in July. Nikolai Alexandrovich during the period of hostilities conducted teaching work at the departments of physiology of medical institutes in the years. Dushanbe and Makhachkala.
In October 1944, Professor N.A. Yudenich returned to Smolensk and began to recreate the department almost from scratch. Then the staff of the department were N.M. Kazakova - assistant; N. Ryazantseva - laboratory assistant; M.R. Simovic - second assistant. Only 2 rooms were allocated for the department, some physiological equipment and teaching aids were transferred from other medical universities. E. Terekhov played a major role in the manufacture of equipment. Thanks to the exceptional qualities of the teacher, N. A. Yudenich was able to gather around him a friendly hard-working team and in a short time solved all the problems, making the department one of the most progressive in the institute.
Nikolai Alexandrovich brought up more than one generation of outstanding scientists who were able to glorify the Smolensk region far beyond its borders. For all his professional activity, Nikolaev Aleksandrovich Yudenich published about 48 scientific papers.
In 1958, Professor Nikolai Alexandrovich Yudenich died suddenly - this event was a strong blow both for the Department of Normal Physiology and for the entire Smolensk Medical Institute. For his many years of work he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945." ON THE. Yudenich was an active public figure, was repeatedly elected to the party bureau of the institute, was the permanent chairman of the Smolensk branch of the All-Union Society of Physiologists, Biochemists and Pharmacologists.
The children of Vasily Alexandrovich also became famous doctors. Vsevolod Vasilyevich (7.III.1921, Smolensk - 24.Y.1984, Moscow), Doctor of Medical Sciences (1969), Colonel of the Medical Service. By the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, he completed three courses at the State Medical Institute, was evacuated to the rear with his parents, and already in Kuibyshev (now Samara) completed an accelerated course at the military medical academy. Since 1942, he was at the front, worked as a leading surgeon in several hospitals. After the end of the war, he continued to serve, and in 1973-1975. was the first deputy chief surgeon of the Soviet army. After demobilization, since 1975 he worked at the Institute. A.V. Vishnevsky, is the author of more than 120 scientific papers. Recipient of many government awards.
Daughter of V.A. Yudenich Galina Vasilievna was born in 1925, and by the beginning of the war she was still a very young girl. But, following her brother, at the age of 18 in 1943, she volunteered to join the Red Army and was sent to the 139th reserve anti-aircraft artillery regiment of the Western Front, stationed in the city of Smolensk. Women on the battlefield they fought shoulder to shoulder with the soldiers, tried not to succumb to fear, their hearts were filled with longing for their relatives, but, despite all the difficulties that fell to their lot, they continued to fight and move forward towards a happy future. Since December 1943, Galina Vasilievna was at the forefront and served as the commander of the 173rd separate battery of the gun-laying station. The war ended in the city of Deblin. In 1945 G.V. Yudenich was awarded the medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."
Only after the end of the war, in 1945, she began to study at the Smolensk State Medical Institute, after which, from 1945, she worked as the head of the sanitary unit of the camp point of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Yaroslavl region. In 1947 she joined the CPSU(b). In 1953-1956. Galina Vasilievna studied in residency at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the SSMI, and in 1956 she was elected an assistant to this department. In 1970 she defended her dissertation for the degree of candidate of medical sciences on the topic "On the effectiveness of the treatment of threatening premature termination of pregnancy."
In 1985, G. V. Yudenich was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the second degree. In 1988, she took a well-deserved rest. Galina Vasilievna died in 2011. She is not just a medical worker, not just a defender of her Motherland, she is a hero, like all those who have gone through that difficult path for the whole country.
No matter how many hardships, changes that affected every Soviet family, bitter tears and irretrievable losses, these people continued to repay their debt to the Motherland, proudly bore the honorary title of Doctor. These are people who have completely devoted themselves to science and medicine, those who have always stood for justice and honesty and passed on their beliefs, love for the profession to their pupils. Smolensk region is proud of them.

About the authors

Sofya Nikolaevna Petrova

Author for correspondence.
Email: sofya_petrova_2002@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3193-299X
Russian Federation, Russia, Smolensk region, Smolensk, 214019 Krupskaya str., 28

Anastasia Eduardovna Mikhailova

Email: anastasia_mikhailova02@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2544-0988
Russian Federation, Russia, Smolensk region, Smolensk, 214019 Krupskaya str., 28

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