MILITARY DOCTOR: "DIFFICULTIES ARE NOT ABOUT US"
- Authors: Oleynik A.A.1, Semenihina E.S.1
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Affiliations:
- Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
- Issue: Vol 11 (2022): V ВСЕРОССИЙСКАЯ СТУДЕНЧЕСКАЯ НАУЧНАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ С МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫМ УЧАСТИЕМ «БЕРЕЧЬ И РАЗВИВАТЬ БЛАГОРОДНЫЕ ТРАДИЦИИ МЕДИЦИНЫ»: ВЕРНОСТЬ ПРОФЕССИИ В ИСТОРИИ МОЕЙ СТРАНЫ
- Pages: 138-141
- Section: БЕРЕЧЬ И РАЗВИВАТЬ БЛАГОРОДНЫЕ ТРАДИЦИИ МЕДИЦИНЫ»: ВЫДАЮЩИЕСЯ ВРАЧИ РОССИИ
- URL: https://new.vestnik-surgery.com/index.php/2415-7805/article/view/7491
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Abstract
The work of a military doctor, unfortunately, is in demand and relevant today. People of this profession should have special qualities, since their work may involve a risk to life, the doctor is obliged to competently organize the work of a mobile medical center in any conditions and provide emergency care as safely as possible. There is a position of a military doctor in every military unit, hospital, military enlistment office, a division of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, but the professional qualities of those who work as part of a field hospital brigade helping wounded military and civilians affected by military clashes or disasters are especially valuable. The purpose of this article is to tell about the peculiarities of the work of military doctors of the past years, as well as doctors of the present, using the example of Anton Yuryevich Petrichenko, head of the medical service of the Military Unit-08805 named after the first Head of the DPR A.V. Zakharchenko. Keywords: military doctor, military medicine, first aid, medrota
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A military doctor (military doctor) is an officer with a higher medical education, called upon to work in emergency, extreme conditions (combat operations, natural disasters, catastrophes), to provide medical care, mainly of a surgical nature. He takes the Hippocratic oath and the military oath at the same time.The profession of military doctor involves the study of both conventional medical subjects - childbirth, infections, somatic diseases, and specific disciplines:
- military field medicine, naval surgery;
- medicine in the air and under water;
- peculiarities of military working conditions;
- military toxicology laboratories;
- the latest methods of rehabilitation after participation in combat operations.
The military doctor treats and prevents colds, pustular diseases and intestinal infections; if necessary, he amputates limbs, selects prostheses, places metal structures, performs tissue transplants and prepares patients for organ transplants. But the main peculiarity of the military doctor is ability to render medical aid in combat conditions.
The great Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov wrote, "War is a traumatic epidemic." The vast majority of injuries in war are limb wounds. About 75%. And that means traumatology, orthopedics, general surgery, vascular surgery, nerve stem surgery, burns, and even plastic surgery. And with a broad knowledge, conventionally speaking, from head to toe, mastering basic surgical manipulations, the military surgeon is able to make quick decisions based on a small amount of data about the wounded person.
As far back as ancient Egypt, special tents were deployed on the battlefield to bandage the wounded. The first to evacuate soldiers from the battlefield were the Roman legionaries before our era. They created unarmed detachments that transported the wounded from the theater of combat operations to a safe place where they received first aid. Russians in military campaigns deployed special canvas huts-buts right on the battlefield, each warship had a specialist who knew the basics of first aid for injuries and various ailments. The Russians were the first to apply the technique of tourniquets.
The military doctor became an independent specialty in the 17th century (1616). In the first Russian military Statute, in addition to organizational issues of regimental medical service, all financial and legal bases of this profession were clearly prescribed.
In the 18th century (1798) an imperial decree established the Medico-Surgical Academy in Saint Petersburg - a higher educational institution in Russia for training military medics. The most famous among them is I.P. Pavlov, Doctor of Medicine, who was the first to apply general anesthesia in the field (1847).
During the Great Patriotic War, which went down in history as one of the bloodiest, over 22 million people passed through hospitals, of which 17 million returned to active duty thanks to military doctors.
Nowadays, there are a number of institutions of higher education in Russia and the former Soviet Union, where those who wish can obtain a higher medical education or a diploma from a military medical academy, after which they can begin to perform the basic job duties of a military doctor, viz:
- saving the lives of wounded soldiers by all possible means;
- treatment of somatic diseases, if necessary - surgical intervention;
- sanitary and hygienic supervision;
- anti-epidemic measures;
- medical physical examinations and work in the military conscription committee;
- Supply of medicines, dressings and medical devices;
- Control over the condition of medical equipment, instruments;
- Establishing a blood bank, blood substitutes for transfusion in emergency situations;
- teaching first aid skills to servicemen.
But the above duties apply to people who have consciously chosen this profession. When entering medical school, doctors in the Donetsk People's Republic hardly imagined that many of them would have to master the military field. But war came to their land, and saving wounded fighters became a dire necessity.
Since 2014, doctor Anton Yurievich Petrichenko was also in the hottest spots of the armed confrontation. Today he is a senior lieutenant, acting head of the medical service of the 08805 Troop Unit named after the first head of the DPR, A. V. Zakharchenko. Anton Yurievich is 33 years old. For six military years he served in Snezhne, Dokuchaevsk, Komsomolsk and now has been working for several years in Makeyevka military unit. The nurse is a busy man, usually dealing with several cases at a time - from receiving patients and regular consultations to filling out a large amount of documentation. In his opinion, the main peculiarity of a military doctor's work is his ability to provide medical aid in combat conditions, to work in emergency and extreme conditions, to provide medical assistance, to provide medical care, to provide medical assistance to the wounded.
About the authors
Artem Andreevich Oleynik
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Email: aoleynik323@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4842-1499
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studentskaya St, 10
Elena Serafimovna Semenihina
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Author for correspondence.
Email: lenalev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9469-2719
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studentskaya St, 10
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