ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF COORDINATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19

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Relevance. When certain symptoms and feelings of malaise appear, patients seek specialized medical care. Since March 2020, COVID-19 has been spreading in Russia. COVID-19 is a disease caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 [1, 3]. And in order to correctly prescribe treatment, it is necessary to identify comorbidities in the patient, as well as to make sure which pathologies can occur more often at a certain age.
Purpose: to identify the prevalence and type of comorbidities in patients of different age groups hospitalized with COVID-19.
Materials and methods. 1. Study design: during the study, the medical history of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and their comorbidities were studied.
2. Matching criteria: the main matching criteria in the groups were used: gender, age.
3. Conditions for the study: the study was conducted on the basis of the VUZ VO VGKB No. 20
4. Study duration: The study ran from November 2021 to February 2022.
5. Description of medical intervention: no medical intervention was foreseen.
6. The main outcome of the study: the presence or absence of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 among men and women in different age groups.
7. Analysis in groups: groups were formed according to the gender of patients (male, female). In these groups, 7 age categories were identified and the number and percentage of patients with a similar concomitant disease were calculated.
8. Outcome registration method: special tables were used to register the data obtained during the study, which indicated: gender, age of patients, their main and concomitant diagnoses.
9. Statistical analysis: the obtained data was processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2016 and Microsoft Office Word 2016.

Results. During the 6 months of 2021, 678 patients with the main diagnosis of COVID-19 underwent inpatient treatment at the VUZ VO VGKB No. 20. Among them, 2 groups were distinguished: men and women. The number of men in the total number of patients was 42.48%, women - 57.52%. In the course of further research in each group, patients were divided into 7 age categories. Among men aged 20 to 30 years, 24 people were treated, which accounted for 3.54% of the total number of male patients, but no concomitant diseases were detected in any of them. In this age category among women, 6 people were treated, which amounted to 0.885%. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate, subcompensated and hypertension 2, risk 4 were recorded in 6 out of 36 men aged 30 to 40 years, which accounted for 0.885% of the total number of men in this age category (4.425% - without pathologies). Hypertension 2, risk 2 was detected in six women of the same age (0.885%), in others - systemic lupus erythematosus, partial epilepsy (in the outcome of neurolupus) (0.885%, 2.655% - without pathologies). In total, 36 male patients and 30 female patients aged 30 to 40 years old applied for medical help, which accounted for 5.31% and 4.425%, respectively, of the total number. In the third age category (40-50 years old), 54 men and 54 women were assigned, which amounted to the same percentage in each group (7.965%). Patients in each group of this age differed in comorbidity: for example, among men, 18 (2.655%) of 54 had additional pathologies. Six of them had right-sided hydrothorax, exudative pleurisy (0.855%), the second six had impaired glucose tolerance (0.855%), the third had hepatitis B, remission (0.855%); 36 men had no pathologies - 5.31%. Twelve women (1.77%) of the same age have a history of hypertension 2, risk 3; 42 women had no pathologies - 6.195%.

In the fourth age category (50-60 years), both among women and among men, the same number of patients without concomitant pathologies was revealed: 54 people in each group, which is 7.965% (total women - 9.735%, men - 10.62% of the total number of patients in each group). Among men of this age, hypertension 2, risk 3 was most common (12 patients, which accounted for 1.77%; six men had a combination of type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate, subcompensated and hypertension 2, risk 2 - 0.885%). In women with concomitant diseases, each had different pathologies, for example, chronic bronchitis, pulmosclerosis, congestion in the ICC in the first six patients, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate, subcompensated in the second six (0.885% each).

Most concomitant diseases occur in the fifth age group (60-70 years), which is observed not only among men, but also among women. Out of 78 men (11.505%) of this age, only 30 do not have pathologies, which is 4.425%. Out of 120 women (17.7%), only 54 (7.96%) have no comorbidities. In 18 men out of 48 (7.08%) with diseases, hypertension 2 is more common, risk 3 H1 FC1 (2.655%). In women, this disease was more common - 3.54%. In men, other diseases, such as bullous disease, CKD, hypertension 2, risk 4, sensorineural hearing loss, condition after surgical treatment for a colon tumor in 2017 account for 0.885% each. Among women in this age group, twelve were diagnosed with hypertension 2, risk 3 H1 FC1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, target HbA1c <7%, which together amounted to 1.77%. In women, for other diseases such as chronic iron deficiency anemia, unspecified, hypertension 2, risk 4, combination of hypertension 2, risk 4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, subcompensated, moderate, combination of coronary artery disease and stable angina, hypertension 2, risk 2 accounts for 0.885%.

Among women aged 70 to 80 years, the most common is hypertension 2, risk 3 H1 FC1, which is 2.655% of the total number of patients in this category. Pathologies are absent in 5.31% of women, while the total number is 12.39%. Other diseases account for 0.885% each: for example, type 2 diabetes mellitus, moderate subcompensated, type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension 2, risk 4, hypertension 2, risk 3 H1 FC1 and type 2 diabetes, target HbA1c <7%, hypertension 3, risk 4, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. In this age group, only twelve people (1.77%) were treated in men, but each of them has its own comorbidities. For example, the first six (0.885%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, subcompensated and chronic bronchitis, and the second (0.885%) had bilateral hydrothorax and hypertension 2, risk 3.

In the last age category (80-90 years), among men, only 12 people (1.77% of the total number of men) applied for help, and six of them (0.885%) were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism against the background of thrombophlebitis of the veins of the right leg, coronary artery disease and hypertensive disease 2, risk 3 H1 FC1. More women of this category applied for help (30 people, which amounted to 4.425%), but only six of them (0.885%) did not have concomitant diseases. The rest noted: bilateral hydrothorax, hypertension 2, risk 3 H2B FC4, hypertension 3, risk of CVE 4, diffuse cardiosclerosis, persistent atrial fibrillation (24 people with pathology - 3.54%).

Discussion. Infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) often occurs in patients with various cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), which can affect the course of the infectious process [2]. When conducting a study on the basis of the therapeutic department, it was noted that the older the patient, the more concomitant diseases he observed. In almost every age category, starting from 30-40 years old and ending at 80-90 years old, one, and in subsequent categories, several patients have hypertension of various risks, often occurring - hypertension 2, risk 3. In women, it is observed more often than in men. In older age categories (from 60 years and older), patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus, both as the only concomitant disease, and in combination with hypertension.

Conclusion. It is necessary for a doctor to correctly and timely identify comorbidities, as well as to know which of them occur quite often and at what age. The most common are hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the diagnosis of comorbidities is essential for the proper management of patients with COVID-19.

About the authors

Olga Nikolaevna Petrikhina

Author for correspondence.
Email: petrikhina03@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0745-5492
SPIN-code: 1111-1111
Russian Federation

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