TO THE QUESTION OF PREVENTION OF VISION DISTURBANCE IN THE PERIOD OF INTENSE VISUAL LOAD

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STRUCTURED annotationactuality. A normally functioning visual analyzer is a great boon for any person, which is fully appreciated by the individual when his function is impaired. The modern way of life and its rhythm have dramatically increased the load on the organs of vision. Throughout the civilized world, there is a significant increase in ocular pathology, and primarily myopia, in childhood, adolescence and adolescence. Experts declare an "epidemic" of myopia among young people, the appearance of which directly depends on the time spent on training, compliance with the rules of behavior in the workplace and the implementation of measures for visual hygiene.Purpose: to analyze the awareness of students about the need to prevent myopia and to present a set of measures to prevent visual impairment in young people during intense visual stress.Materials and methods. Materials: printed sources and Internet resources, developed questionnaire. Methods – questionnaire, search, analytical, descriptive, statistical processing of the obtained resultsresults. The implementation of preventive measures to preserve visual acuity in modern society, which allows to have a high level of education, is shown to all its members. But especially for people with a hereditary predisposition to eye pathology. In addition, at a young and youthful age, the controlling and guiding role of the child's parents is great.In conditions of intense visual load, for preventive purposes, it is necessary to actively carry out a complex of health-improving measures for the normal functioning of the visual analyzer. This is mandatory adequate general motor activity, balanced nutrition, including the presence of fat-soluble vitamins and keratinoids.The complex anatomical structure of the eye and the presence of oculomotor and ciliary muscles require to normalize intensive visual work at close range and assume the presence of periods of active and passive rest for the eyes, Visual hygiene includes the correct, appropriate to the capabilities of the body, visual work mode, competent organization of the workplace (desk, chair, lighting), performing gymnastics for the eyes.The use of digital technology requires strict dosing of the working time for electronic devices. Computer glasses can significantly reduce the irritating effect of artificial wave radiation on the structures of the eye.The survey of students showed their awareness of the prevention of myopia. Focusing on a healthy lifestyle, understanding the negative impact on the eyes of physical inactivity, malnutrition, addiction to gadgets - will help keep young people healthy eyes and normal vision for many years.Conclusion. Visual acuity is influenced by a number of modifiable factors that need to be taken into account and directed in the right direction to preserve and increase visual health and prevent myopia.relevance. The most common visual disorder in the adult population of Russia is myopia. It occurs in every third or fourth inhabitant of the country [1]. The period of intensive study with a high load on the visual apparatus increases both the proportion of myopia formation and the increase in its degree. So, for children of primary school age it occurs in 6-8%, in high school students - already in 25-30%, and in lyceums and gymnasiums it reaches 50% [1].In recent years, there has been a tendency to increase myopia in children and adolescents both in our country and in the world ("epidemic" of myopia), which leads to its progression, the formation of complications, irreversible lesions of the fundus [2]. As a result, there is an increase in the number of young able-bodied people with significantly reduced vision.PURPOSE: to analyze the awareness of students about the need to prevent myopia and to present a set of measures to prevent visual impairment in young people during intense visual stress.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Printed sources and Internet resources, compiled questionnaire. Methods – questionnaire, search, analytical, descriptive, statistical processing of the results obtained.results. Based on a holistic view of the etiology and pathogenesis of health problems in the human body, the prevention of visual impairment involves an integrated approach: exposure at the general and local level.Health-improving and strengthening measures include increased physical activity (physical education and sports), a rational diet [7] enriched with vitamins and keratonoids, a regime of visual work and rest, the presence of a properly equipped workplace and compliance with the rules of visual work [3].The direct effect on the eyes involves relaxing massage of the eyeballs; eye exercises designed to improve blood flow to the structures of the eye, strengthen the sclera and eye muscles (ciliary and external); rapid blinking, useful for eliminating corneal dryness.Physical education and moderate-intensity sports exercises have a beneficial effect on all organs and systems [4], for example, swimming, running, skiing. Physical activities that mainly improve eye accommodation include exercises with moving objects, such as a ball: basketball, volleyball, table tennis, badminton. staying outside is necessary for at least 2 hours a day.Nutrition for the prevention of vision disorders should be rational: 3-4 times a day, balanced in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, correspond to age, gender, energy consumption, with an average water content and an increased amount of vitamins A (cheese, eggs, butter), C (berries, vegetables, fruits) and E (vegetable oils, cereals, nuts). The food should contain zeaxanthin and lutein (yellow pigment of keratinoid and xanthophilic groups), which are rich in yellow-red vegetables and fruits. A full night's sleep, a planned day's rest, breaks in work with the opportunity, if necessary, to lie down with closed eyes in a dark room are important restorative and healing measures for the normal functioning of the eyes.Exercises for the eyes can eliminate the pain, pain, burning in them, prevent headaches caused by overstrain of the eye muscles. The principle of performing gymnastics for the eyes is reduced to alternating fixation of the gaze on close and distant objects in the sagittal plane (for example, the "mark on glass" complex), as well as various movements of the eyeballs in the frontal plane [5]. These activities have a positive effect on all eye structures, and especially on the eye muscles.A light massage of the eyeballs is recommended to be carried out with the pads of the index fingers through the lowered upper eyelid for a few seconds. High efficiency is noted when massaging paroorbital structures.It is very important to properly organize a permanent workplace, especially a computer one. There are regulatory requirements for different categories of persons, fixed in the relevant documents. However, the general provisions are universal: sufficient natural lighting, the presence of a table lamp on the left half of the table, the distance from the eyes to the work surface is 30-40 cm. It is mandatory to have breaks in work for 5-15 minutes after 30 minutes-2 hours. The correct landing at the table is recommended: the feet are located on the floor, the ankle, knee and hip joints are bent at an angle of 90 °, lumbar lordosis is determined (and when working with the screen – and cervical), the hands and forearms are located on the desktop. The angle of view between the eyes and the center of the computer monitor should be negative and be minus 30 °.Computer glasses are a good modern protective device for the eyes from excessive brightness and harmful blue-violet radiation of the monitor (with a wavelength of 400-480 nm). The anti-glare coating reduces irritation, and the yellowish color of the eyeglass lenses makes the image "warm" and more natural.The main condition for obtaining a healing and preventive effect is an integrated approach and systematic implementation of these measures.Within the framework of this research work, the awareness of students of the 1st-2nd year of the ISO of the N.N. Burdenko VSMU about the essence of preventive myopia measures was studied. Independently created an anonymous questionnaire of seven questions, which was printed out on paper and given to all participants of the questionnaire to fill out. In the first question of the questionnaire, students were asked to indicate their gender, in the second – their age).discussion. 30 students took part in the survey: 8 men (26.7%) and 22 women (73.3%) aged 17 to 40 years. The average age of the respondents was 19.5 years.To the third question of the questionnaire, "What negatively affects vision?" the following answers were received: 26 people (86.7%) noted a negative effect on the eyes of radiation from a computer, phone, TV; 5 people –16.7%) - poor lighting. Less common were such responses as poor nutrition (10%); high eye strain (10%); inactive lifestyle (10%); heredity (6.7%); neglect of protective equipment in certain types of work (welding) - 6.7%; bad habits (3.3%)To the fourth question of the questionnaire "What is the principle of gymnastics for the eyes?" respondents more often called the removal of visual tension - 11 people (36.7%); muscle relaxation - 5 people (16.7%); muscle training – 3 students (10%); improvement of blood supply (3.3%). 4 participants (13.3%) found it difficult to answer.To the fifth question of the questionnaire, "What products help to maintain good eyesight?" the students answered as follows: carrots - 25 people (83.3%); blueberries - 20 people (66.7%); nuts and fish, i.e. products containing omega-3 fatty acids - respectively 9 people (30%); fruits, berries, vegetables, greens – 2 respondents each (6.7% each)To the sixth question of the questionnaire "What lifestyle is favorable for the functioning of the eyes?", most often they wrote about a healthy and active lifestyle – 24 people (80%), as well as about reducing the time spent behind gadget screens and monitors - 7 answers (23.3%); increasing rest time, visual hygiene, gymnastics for the eyes - 3 people each (10%).The seventh question of the questionnaire "Suggest the optimal mode of visual work" indicated the following: work at the computer for no more than 2 hours – 15 people (50%); working with the screen for less than 1.5 hours – 9 people (30%); gymnastics for the eyes - 8 people (26.7%); do not read in the dark and in transport - 3 people (10%); compliance with the daily regime, the use of eye-friendly products - 1 respondent (3.3%). 3 people (10%) could not formulate an answer.Thus, the survey of young people in general revealed their good awareness of the prevention of myopia in their student years. They are aware of the harmfulness of prolonged use of gadgets, most of them know and understand the need for visual gymnastics, correctly name products that ensure the normal operation of the visual apparatus and advocate a healthy lifestyle.conclusion. Currently, there is a real danger of progressive decrease in vision during school and student years in conditions of increased eye strain due to neglect of measures for visual hygiene, physical inactivity, often irrational and monotonous nutrition with food preferences.Future doctors, mostly even before studying eye diseases, showed good awareness of the prevention of visual impairment during a period of intense visual load. Knowledge of the basics of myopia prevention and motivation [6] for their regular implementation is the key to maintaining normal vision for many years.

About the authors

Roman Ishutin

Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: romanisutin665@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5927-7122
SPIN-code: 2422-6830

студент

Russian Federation, 394036, Россия, Воронеж, ул. Студенческая, 10

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