INFLUENCE OF FACTORS OF PRODUCTION ON STEEL FACTORY WORKERS
- Authors: Yankovskaya D.1, Maslikov A.2
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Affiliations:
- Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko.
- Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko
- Issue: Vol 10 (2021): Материалы XVII Международной Бурденковской научной конференции 22-24 апреля 2021 года
- Pages: 107-110
- Section: Влияние факторов внешней среды на здоровье человека
- URL: https://new.vestnik-surgery.com/index.php/2415-7805/article/view/6537
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Abstract
Relevance: in foundry, a large number of technological processes are used that serve as sources of harmful and hazardous production factors. In this regard, constant quantitative and qualitative monitoring of these factors is necessary, as well as regular preventive medical examinations of production workers.
Purpose: assessment of the compliance of the levels of harmful production factors with the current hygienic standards, determination of risk factors for the development of occupational pathology, development of a system of preventive measures.
Methods: to solve the set tasks, hygienic studies of the conditions and nature of labor of workers in the smelting shop, as well as workers of auxiliary units and services of the enterprise, were carried out The work was carried out using data from a special assessment of working conditions, the results of laboratory tests and measurements of harmful factors in the workplace. The analysis of occupational morbidity over the past 20 years has been carried out.
Results: a harmful production factor is present in almost all working places of workers in the smelting and auxiliary shops. According to the measurement results, most of the harmful factors do not meet hygiene standards. Annually, 1-6 cases of occupationally related diseases are detected at the surveyed enterprise.
Conclusion: according to the results, it is possible to trace the dependence of the manifestation of occupational pathology on the action of harmful production factors. It is necessary to introduce additional preventive measures at the enterprise, as well as establish additional control over the use of personal protective equipment.
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Relevance
The relevance of this work is due to the fact that production workers work in a deliberately unfavorable working environment. Significant deviations in the values of physical and chemical factors of production acting on them can lead to the occurrence of occupational pathology and seriously affect the life and health of workers. In the foundry, a large number of technological processes are used that serve as sources of harmful and hazardous production factors: chemical factor, aerosols, mainly of fibrogenic action, noise, vibration, microclimate parameters [1].
Heat radiation can cause acute disability as well as chronic health effects, significantly increasing the health risk of workers and reducing productivity [4].
The specific effect of noise affects the auditory analyzer, its sound-receiving part, which leads to the development of occupational hearing loss, up to complete hearing loss [5, 6]. The simultaneous action of the heating microclimate and noise at a level above the maximum permissible level is accompanied by a large increase in the incidence of morbidity with temporary disability in the class of circulatory diseases [7]. Also, noise and vibration always increase the toxic effect of industrial poisons [2].
The presence of crystalline silicon dioxide in the dust determines its carcinogenic hazard. Exceeding the MPC of dust leads to diseases such as pneumoconiosis, toxic-dust bronchitis.
Nitrogen dioxide has an irritating effect on the respiratory system, which leads to bronchial spasm [8]. Studies show that exposure of the lungs to iron oxide nanoparticles can trigger specific inflammation [3]. Manganese compounds are strong poisons with a pronounced cumulative effect. Manganese freely penetrates the blood-brain barrier and has tropism to the subcortical structures of the brain [9].
Purpose
Analyze the compliance of the levels of influence of harmful production factors with the established hygienic standards. Identify risk factors for the development of occupational pathology. Development of a strategy for preventive measures.
Methods
During the work, a complex epidemiological method was used using retrospective and operational analysis:
- identified risk factors for occupational pathology;
- identified risk groups for the development of occupational pathology;
- studied the occupational morbidity at the enterprise over the past 20 years;
In the course of the work, they revealed a discrepancy between the levels of exposure to harmful production factors to the established standards. We proposed a strategy for preventive measures.
Results
From the history of the operation of the enterprise, it should be noted that LLC "Steel Plant" is a workshop of the former excavator plant named after Comintern. Since 2004, the latter has disintegrated, the steel plant - these are the former foundries of the plant. Comintern. The working conditions at the enterprise are characterized by the influence of a complex of unfavorable factors.
The measured indicators of harmful factors go beyond the reference values established by regulatory documents. The air temperature exceeds the established standards by 7 degrees and affects 53% of workers. Thermal radiation exceeds the standard by 480 W / m2 and affects 23% of workers. The noise affects 100% of workers and exceeds the standard by 10 dB. Vibration exceeds the set level by 5 dB and affects 12% of workers. Silicon dioxide exceeds the standard by 4 mg / m3 and affects 63% of workers. Nitrogen dioxide exceeds the established norms by 0.19 mg / m3 and affects 15% of workers. DiIron trioxide exceeds the standard by 16 mg / m3 and acts on 38% of workers. The combination of substances manganese and diiron trioxide exceeds the norm by 2.61 mg / m3 and affects 7% of workers.
Legislative preventive measures (preventive medical examinations, additional leave of employees, normalized breaks, milk) are observed at the enterprise, however, during a personal visit it turned out that the majority of production workers do not use personal protective equipment in the proper amount, which in the future may lead to the development of occupational pathology ...
Unfavorable working conditions are a risk factor for the occurrence of occupational morbidity, the analysis of which showed that from 2001 to 2003 occupational diseases were registered annually (2-3 cases each). In 2004, there were 6 cases, and then for 16 years the incidence was practically not recorded. In 2012, 1 occupational disease (pneumoconiosis) was diagnosed in the shift supervisor of the steel shop.
In general, during the analyzed period (20 years), the enterprise identified occupational diseases associated with the nature of the labor process.
This is deafness in molders, cutters, boilers (in 60% of cases), pneumoconiosis, silicosis (40%) in persons working under conditions of exposure to silicon-containing dust (gas cutters, electric welders, molders, etc.)
Discussion
1. The work of an employee of a steel shop is characterized by the effect of a complex of unfavorable production factors (dust, noise, vibration, unfavorable microclimatic conditions).
2. Unfavorable factors of the working environment are a risk of the development of occupational pathology.
3. Among the nosological forms of occupational disease, neurosensory hearing loss and pneumoconiosis prevail, i.e. pathology associated with factors of the labor process that exceed hygienic standards.
4. Preventive measures are not effective enough. One of the reasons is the frivolous attitude of workers towards the use of personal protective equipment. This may be due to the low awareness of workers about the effectiveness of their use.
Conclusion
In order to reduce the adverse impact of foundry factors on workers, it is necessary to introduce additional preventive measures, including the establishment of additional control over the use of personal protective equipment. Legal preventive measures (preventive medical examinations, additional leave of employees, standardized breaks) at the enterprise are observed, however, when personal visit revealed that the majority of production workers do not use personal protective equipment in the proper amount, which in the future may lead to the development of occupational pathology.
About the authors
Darya Yankovskaya
Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko.
Author for correspondence.
Email: daryayankovskaya97@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6824-6109
Russian Federation, 394036. Voronezh. Studencheskaya St, 10
Alexandr Maslikov
Voronezh State Medical University N.N. Burdenko
Email: massaid2@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6339-8488
Russian Federation, 394036. Voronezh. Studencheskaya St, 10
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