Application of the bioimpedance measurement method among students engaged in sports before and after a diet

Full Text

Relevance. Regular assessment of indicators allows you to monitor the state of all vital systems and organs of the human body, monitor changes occurring in the body at different degrees of load and with a certain diet. These include indicators of physical development: anthropometric and physiometric parameters, physique, muscle strength and endurance, and the state of the musculoskeletal system [1].
In this article, we consider individual indicators using the method of bioimpedance analysis for body composition, which included such indicators as: body mass index, phase angle, proportion of fat mass, cell mass, musculoskeletal, total fluid, extracellular fluid, intracellular. This allows you to adjust the diet and power loads for each person individually.
Goal. To study and evaluate individual indicators of the state of vital functions of students of the 3rd year of VSMU using the method of bioimpedance analysis before and after the diet.
Methods. 1. The research design
The study involved 7 students of the 3rd year of the Medical Faculty of VSMU , engaged in sports. The study was conducted from November 2019. Until February 2020. To analyze the functionality of the systems and organs of the subjects, the method of bioimpedance analysis was performed at the beginning of the study and at the end of the study. A control measurement is planned for the delivery of the result at the end of the year. This method was chosen because it most clearly and clearly reflects the state of vital functions of the body. This allows you to determine what the true state of the given organism is.
2. Compliance criteria
For the study, we took 3rd year students (7 people) of approximately the same age, including 1 young man and 6 girls who are engaged in sports. At the beginning of the study, anthropometric indicators were measured and a test was conducted to determine the initial state of the body before the diet. Then, during the study, the students independently exercised 3 times a week and ate properly. A second analysis was conducted in February 2020.
For physical activity , independent exercises performed by students at home and in the fitness room were taken. The diet was made to stop eating sweets, for most, limiting your intake of salt and the introduction in the diet of large amounts of water (1.5-3 ml). Diet compiled for the individual according to the values obtained using bioimpendancemetria.
3. Terms and Conditions
Sports classes were conducted by students independently at home or in the fitness room. the diet was made individually for each subject with the restriction or introduction of certain products. The subjects and before the proposed loads were engaged in sports.
4. The duration of the study
The study was conducted from November 2019 to February 2020 for 4 months.
5. Description of medical intervention
anthropometric parameters were measured in the subjects and bioimpedance measurement was performed, which allows us to determine the state of vital systems and organs in general.
6. Main outcome of the study
in the course of research, we found a positive dynamics of performance in third-year students. Thus, cyclic types of physical activity and proper nutrition increase the level of performance and have a positive effect on all body systems.
7. Additional outcomes of the study
The complex of dosed physical activity and proper nutrition increased the level of physical and mental performance during the study.
8. Analysis in subgroups
the study involved both boys and girls aged 18-20 years, the subjects were not divided into subgroups.
9. Methods for recording outcomes
ntropometric measurements before and after the study were evaluated using the bioimpedance measurement method.
10. Statistical analysis
The sample size was not previously calculated.
Results. Objects (participants) of the study:
The study sample included students of VSMU named after N. N. Burdenko, who regularly perform physical exercises and eat properly for four months and continue to study further, 3 times a week.
main results of the study:
The data sources were anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance measurement results. during the work, the researchers twice determined the results of bioimpedance measurement. Results for girls and boys are equally determined by the parameters of bioimpendancemetria. The first study shows the quantitative composition of the body and predisposition to diseases before starting a diet and additional physical activity, the second-after four months of daily diet and regular exercise. Within 4 months, there was an improvement in the indicators of the systems and organs of the subjects.
As a result of the conducted studies, the initial indicator and the final ones improved. Many indicators have almost returned to normal, which confirms the positive dynamics in the normalization of life processes in the process of proper nutrition and dosed physical activity for 4 months.
Additional findings of the study:
Based on the survey, 97% of the study participants were satisfied with proper nutrition and regular physical activity. All participants subjectively noted a positive trend in health and felt a surge of strength and energy.
There are no adverse events.
Discussion. Summary of the main research result:
Indicators of body composition revealed after a special diet and physical activity have undergone some changes. In particular, the proportion of body fat mass, phase angle, and the proportion of bone and muscle mass approached the normal values for these anthropometric indicators, which indicates a positive effect of a special diet and sports on body composition. These changes led to an improvement in the properties of the body, the study participants began to notice an increase in performance, both physical and mental, an improvement in the physical qualities of the body-endurance, strength, etc. No negative effects on the body were revealed.
Discussion of the main result of the study:
The study fully justified the expected results, as expected, regular physical activity and diet normalized the indicators of body composition: body weight has decreased, mainly due to a decrease in fat mass, and the risks of certain diseases that depend primarily on nutrition have also decreased.
Limitations of the study:
One of the limitations is the small number of participants, which can call into question the absolutely positive effect of diet and exercise. Also, the study was limited to poor equipment for sports, since the participants performed physical exercises at home, food intake and physical activity were carried out by students at different times, there could be errors in food intake due to employment.
Conclusion. as a result of this study, we found positive changes, improvement of the body's characteristics: well-being, performance, stress resistance, endurance, etc. The findings suggest that a special diet in combination with regular exercise have a positive effect on the performance of the body's systems, can be a way to prevent many diseases.

About the authors

Svetlana Sdvizhkova

Author for correspondence.
Email: swetl.sdwijckowa2010@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3008-4041
SPIN-code: 2643-7990
Russian Federation, Ул Водопьянова, 33 34

Elen Safaryan

Email: elen.safaryan.2014@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0475-0960
SPIN-code: 2907-9206

References