FEATURES OF MEDICAL AND SANITARY SUPPORT DURING FLOODING IN THE FAR EAST

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RELEVANCE
In addition to man-made disasters, among all natural disasters in Russia, floods constantly threaten about 800 cities, as well as many other localities. Floods and floods are accompanied by threats to human life and health, environmental pollution, destruction of property and damage to economic sectors. A pre-formed system for flood forecasting, warning, and evacuation during an emergency is of great importance.
As a result of floods, a significant number of people are left without shelter, fresh water and food. Water and sewer systems are disrupted, and power is cut off. All this leads to the risk of various infectious diseases.
PURPOSE
To summarize the experience of VSMK Ministry of health of Russia, divisions of Rospotrebnadzor, Ministry of defence and offer basic directions on provision the population with medical help and carrying out sanitary measures against floods and floods in the Far East.
METHODS
The main method of research was to analyze the available results of medical support for catastrophic floods that occurred in 2013 on the territory of several regions of the far Eastern region of the Russian Federation.
RESULTS
Object of research
The object of the study is the sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Far East during the flood. Special attention is paid to the study of the forces and means, capabilities of the VSMK of the Ministry of health, Rospotrebnadzor units, and combined units of the Ministry of defense for emergency response in providing medical care located on the territory of flood-affected areas.
Main results of the research
After analyzing the official data of the press service of the Special civil protection Department of the far Eastern Federal district, it was revealed that more than 3.4 thousand medical workers of the disaster medicine Service of the Ministry of health of Russia participated in the elimination of medical, sanitary and epidemiological consequences of flooding in the far East in 2013. To organize medical, sanitary and epidemiological assistance to victims of the flood, more than 7.3 thousand regular and non-standard medical units were involved.
About 300 temporary accommodation points were deployed and equipped to accommodate the evacuated population in flood-affected areas. In December 2013, in the Amur region, more than 50 long-stay points (DPS) of the population began to function instead of the DPS, where at least 2,500 people were accommodated.
During the period of a natural disaster in the far Eastern region caused by a flood, more than 150 thousand people received medical care in medical organizations of the regional district and in mobile emergency formations of the all-Russian center for disaster medicine "Protection". Permanent medical monitoring of the affected population was organized in temporary accommodation facilities. During the yard rounds, about 260 thousand people were examined.
Vtsmk Zashchita sent a field multi-specialty hospital (PMG) to the village of Bogorodskoye in the Khabarovsk territory. During the period of its work, PMG received more than 2,700 patients, of which 392 were children. At least 75 surgical operations were performed, more than 1000 instrumental studies were performed, and several thousand laboratory tests were performed.
By the end of the emergency, more than 186,000 people were vaccinated against viral hepatitis and dysentery in areas affected by the flood.
Additional findings of the study
In the course of the work, additional research results were revealed. According to the Irkutsk research anti-plague Institute of Rospotrebnadzor, two sanitary and anti-epidemic teams performed inspections of animal burial grounds in the Amur region in order to monitor environmental objects; according to the results obtained, 30% of the samples did not meet sanitary standards. To purify water from contamination, it was re-chlorinated[1].
Adverse event
No adverse events.
DISCUSSION
Summary of the main research result
As a result of the study, we found out that medical and sanitary support for flood relief in the flooded territories of the Far East was carried out successfully.
Discussion of the main research result
As a result of the analysis of data during flood response, the leading factors of health care are the number of affected populations and the nature of their damage. Medical care for flood victims includes all types of first and specialized care and is organized both in the flooded area and in the territory closest to it[2].
In the very center of a natural disaster, the Russian emergencies Ministry is organizing the necessary assistance to the victims. First aid is provided directly at the site of the defeat by arriving rescue teams[3].
Temporary medical centers (VMP) are being deployed to provide medical care to those affected. Temporary medical centers should be equipped with portable ventilators and necessary medications for emergency medical care, and staff should be trained in resuscitation measures.
Evacuation of victims with minor injuries can be carried out on foot, and victims who are in serious or moderate condition are evacuated by special transport or public transport[4].
Limitations of the study
Additional factors that can affect the sanitary and epidemiological state of the flooded area are a limitation.
CONCLUSION
In the far Eastern Federal district, in the areas most susceptible to flooding due to floods, a high level of training of forces and means of territorial and Federal formations of the Ministry of health, the Ministry of defense and the Ministry of emergency situations of Russia was revealed. The interaction of medical institutions of state health care and the territorial center of the QMS involved in flood response provides effective health care in the event of a hydrological emergency.

About the authors

Angelina. Araikovna. Abramyan

Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко

Email: linamia2000@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9616-4362
SPIN-code: 5881-2587
Russian Federation

Anton. Vadimovich. Silkin

Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко

Author for correspondence.
Email: anton.silkin.99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2238-5808
SPIN-code: 4207-6665
Russian Federation

References