EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING ANTI-EPIDEMIC PROTECTION OF TROOPS DURING THE PERIOD OF WWII 1941-1945 IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE THREAT OF BIOTERRORISM
- Authors: Lagutina S., Chizhkov P., Chernikova A., Samkov K.
- Issue: Vol 9 (2020): Материалы XVI Международной Бурденковской научной конференции 23-25 апреля 2020 года
- Pages: 125-126
- Section: Инфекционные болезни и иммунология
- URL: https://new.vestnik-surgery.com/index.php/2415-7805/article/view/6083
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Abstract
Relevance. Throughout the history of mankind, epidemics accompanied wars and often the losses from infectious diseases were dozens of times higher than the combat losses of troops, and also determined the outcome of the war and victory. The exception to this rule was the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, where major epidemics were avoided thanks to the selfless work of Soviet military doctors, one of whom was M.V. Zemskov.
Goal. To summarize the contribution of a major organizer of military health care during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the chief epidemiologist of the Southwestern and 3rd Ukrainian fronts, Honored Scientist of Russia, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor M.V. Zemskov in the theory and practice of anti-epidemic protection of troops and civilian population. Materials and methods. The analysis of literary and archival sources reflecting the activities of M.V. Zemskov during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was carried out.
Research results. The experience of organizing large-scale anti-epidemic protection of troops and civilians during major operations of the Red Army, in which M.V. Zemskov was a participant, was studied. The assessment of the possibility of using the global threat of bioterrorism in modern conditions is carried out.
Conclusions. It is difficult to overestimate the contribution of the great scientist to the victory in the Second World War. Thanks to the merits of M.V. Zemskov, a victory was won not only over fascism, but also over many infectious agents.
Full Text
RELEVANCE
During the Great Patriotic War, it was the doctors who were responsible for rescuing Russian soldiers, providing them with the necessary amount of assistance, as well as combating infectious diseases, which also became an obstacle on the way to Victory. One of the examples is the Russian microbiologist - immunologist - MV Zemskov, who made an invaluable contribution to the victory in the Great Patriotic War.
IV. TARGET
Assess the possibility of applying the measures used by A.M. Zemskov in the 40s of the XX century (the dawn of Soviet virology) regarding modern outbreaks of new viral infections. To summarize the contribution of a major organizer of military healthcare during the Second World War, the chief epidemiologist of the Southwestern and Third Ukrainian Fronts, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Professor Mikhail Vasilyevich Zemskov in the theory and practice of anti-epidemic protection of troops and civilians.
V. METHODS
1. Study design
When studying data about M.V. Zemskov, we analyzed historiographic sources on the themes of the Yassy-Kishinev, Budapest, Balaton, Vienna operations. During the study of historical data, we selected information on the innovative activities of the professor, because of which he can be called one of the main characters in the Red Army. Also, some of the material was obtained from documentaries on the history of the work of the medical headquarters on military fronts, photographs preserved in the museums of our city.
2. Conditions
The library of NN Burdenko VSMU took part in the research.
3. Duration of research
This study was part of a large-scale study and processing of statistical data on the basis of this institution, which took 5 months.
4. Description of the medical intervention
Not carried out.
5. The main outcome of the study
"True point" - the results obtained about the scientist's contribution to the victory over fascism.
6. Additional study outcomes
Has not been identified.
7. Analysis in subgroups
Was not carried out.
8. Methods of registration of outcomes
The data were processed using the STATISTICA 6.0 standard statistical software package.
9. Statistical analysis
Quantitative indicators in independent groups were assessed according to Spearman's criteria. Differences were considered significant at p <0.01
RESULTS
The work of the figures of the last century who worked during the hostilities, found by us, allowed us to conclude that the methods of work of M.V. Zemskov, some of which were applied for the first time in world practice in wartime, are relevant to this day (the study of leptospirosis and the invention vaccine prophylaxis). From the combat characteristics of MV Zemskov: “All operational issues related to the organization of anti-epidemic measures in the troops, he decides correctly and clearly, showing deep knowledge of the matter. Energetic, initiative and persistent. " Using deep knowledge in the field of microbiology, epidemiology, infectious pathology, the broadest scientific erudition and outlook, he actively introduced into his work all the newest and most progressive.
Adverse events: during the work carried out, it was not identified.
DISCUSSION
Today, in the conditions of an undeclared war waged against our country by the force of international terrorism, the threat of bioterrorism has become a reality as never before, the experience of organizing large-scale measures for anti-epidemic protection of military personnel and civilians in civilian and military emergencies temporarily has its relevance. And we must not forget about it.
Study Limitations: None identified.
Vi. CONCLUSION
The anti-epidemic measures carried out by Mikhail Vasilyevich during the Second World War made a huge contribution to the development of victory, and also, it should be noted, can be used to this day in the fight against the outbreaks of viral infections that have begun.
About the authors
Svetlana Lagutina
Author for correspondence.
Email: svlagutina97@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3730-5265
Russian Federation
Pavel Chizhkov
Email: qooleer@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5626-0579
Russian Federation
Anastasia Chernikova
Email: efremova_n25@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3965-4063
Russian Federation
Kirill Samkov
Email: ksamkov1906@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9628-1083
Russian Federation
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