Assessment of the Dynamics of Physical Performance in Second-Year Students During Physical Education Classes in the Swimming Pool and Fitness Hall

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Introduction. Physical performance is an important indicator that characterizes how quickly and efficiently a person can perform physical work. Combined with mental performance, we get a general description of a person's ability to cope with the task assigned to him. In this regard, it is necessary to evaluate, maintain and develop this indicator in order to raise the level of their working capacity. Engaging in physical activities such as swimming and cardio workouts can help students improve their physical and mental resilience and reduce stress levels.

The purpose of the work. To evaluate the dynamics of physical performance in physical education classes in the swimming pool and fitness room with monitoring of the body's functional capabilities (HR, BDD) in students.

Materials and methods of research. To assess physical performance, 30 subjects from the main health group were monitored. In September 2024, each of them underwent measurements of physical performance using the PWC170 test, as well as measurements of functional abilities (HR, BDD). The first group, 15 people, practiced in the pool, swimming distances of 50 m for 10 repetitions in various swimming styles: breaststroke, backstroke, freestyle, and the second group practiced in the fitness room, performing cardio exercises (ellipsoid, treadmill) for 6 episodes of 5 minutes. Classes were held once a week.

Efficiency is the ability, determined by the state of the physiological and mental functions of the body, to perform a specific amount of expedient activity of the required quality over a set time interval [1]. In the context of physical activity, performance is associated with the ability to perform physical activity, maintain their intensity without experiencing excessive fatigue, as well as recovery after exertion. This is a multifaceted process that includes: aerobic endurance, strength endurance, muscle strength and flexibility, recovery rate, regulation of heart rate and heart rate, psychological stability. The gradual development of working capacity is achieved through regular training, balanced rest and nutrition.

The PWC-170 test is designed to assess the performance of the cardiovascular system. It measures the heart rate (HR) with gradually increasing physical activity. Most often, the test is performed on an exercise bike or treadmill and allows you to determine the level of physical fitness at which the heart rate reaches 170 beats per minute.[2] PWC-170 is calculated according to the formula proposed by V.L. Karpman, 1974:

PWC170 = W1+(W2-W1)*(170-f1)/(f2-f1)

where: PWC170 is the level of physical performance at heart rate =170 beats/min; W1 and W2 are the power of the 1st and 2nd loads; f1 and f2 are the heart rate for 30 seconds at the end of the 1st and 2nd loads [3].

The results of the study. For 5 months, physical education classes were held in the fitness room using cardio equipment and classes in the pool. At the end of the study, the initial and final results were divided into performance levels (low, medium and high) in accordance with the regulatory requirements for this age group.

The first group consists of students who work out in the fitness room on cardio equipment. According to the initial PWC170 test and functional abilities (HR, BDD), at the beginning of the experiment, 6 female students had a low level, 5 had an average level, and 4 girls had a high level. According to the results of the final measurement, the results of all students in this group increased significantly. The average figures are for 7 people, and the highest for 8. The increase was 40%. In the second group, students working in the pool, according to the results of the initial measurements of the PWC170 test and functional abilities (HR, BDD), 5 students had a low level, 7 had an average level, and 3 had a high level. At the end of the study period, there is a slight improvement in the indicators for the entire group, which is a positive factor. 3 students showed a low level, 8 average, 4 high. The increase was 13.3%. The results obtained in this group indicate a positive trend in the development of physical performance while exercising in the pool.

According to the results of the final control of the level of strength training, the indicators of the second group are higher than those of the first, but positive dynamics is also observed in the first group. No adverse events were noted during the study.

Conclusion. All subjects increased their level of physical performance during the study, as indicated by the results of the PWC-170 test, but the indicators of the second group were slightly higher than those of the first group. Both training methods have proven to be effective and, as a result, can be used to improve students' physical performance and well-being. To improve physical performance during physical training in the fitness room or in the pool, you should alternate the intensity of the load in each exercise interval. The following tests can also be used to assess physical performance: the Master's test, the Novakka test, and the Harvard Step test.

About the authors

Ekaterina Valerievna Cherezova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: cherezova344@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-4549-5536
Russian Federation, 12 Studencheskaya Street, 394036 Voronezh, Russian Federation

Olga Anatolyevna Mikhailina

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Email: polya9580@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7202-7227

Senior Lecturer at the Department of Physical Education and Medical Rehabilitation

Russian Federation, 12 Studencheskaya Street, 394036 Voronezh, Russian Federation

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