The study of the ionic composition and general urine analysis in a healthy adult exposed to speleoclimate

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Introduction. Speleoclimatic chambers are used for the prevention and rehabilitation of various diseases, especially those related to the respiratory tract. The relevance of studying speleotherapy is related to its widespread use in medical practice and the growing interest in non-medicinal methods of treatment [1]. Research in the field of speleotherapy helps to better understand the mechanisms of action of this method and its effect on various body systems [2-3].It has been shown that the speleoclimate affects the cardiorespiratory system and has the property of restoring the vegetative status of a person [4].It was found that after exposure to electronegative aeroions at rest with open and closed eyes, the load on the central nervous system decreases in patients [5].However, the effect of speleoclimate on human body systems has not been sufficiently studied.The purpose of the work. The study of the ionic composition and general urinalysis in healthy adults exposed to the speleoclimate.Materials and research methods 75 first- and second-year volunteer students of N.N. Burdenko VSMU (18 girls and 57 boys) aged 18 to 20 years participated in the study. 60 volunteers participated in the pilot study. The experimental group consisted of 20 people who had undergone speleotherapy. Another 20 students were included in the control group without speleotherapy. The remaining 20 participants formed the third group, which combined speleotherapy with calcium intake (calcium gluconate was taken twice a day with meals at the recommended dosage). 15 young men participated in the laboratory study.Criteria for inclusion in the experimental group: state of health, absence of acute period of infectious diseases, period of exacerbation of chronic diseases, defects of the upper respiratory tract.All participants were informed about the objectives of the study and provided written consent to participate. The speleotherapy course was conducted in a stationary silvinite speleocamera at a convenient time for the participants outside of school hours.Uripolian-11A indicator test strips were used to perform a general urine analysis as part of the pilot study, and EcoInit test strips were used to determine the ionic composition of urine. Urine collection and analysis during the laboratory examination were carried out by the New Medical Technologies company in Voronezh before the start of speleotherapy, as well as after the third and tenth procedures. Speleoclimatotherapy took place in a ground-based stationary silvinite speleocamber manufactured by LLC Climate of Chernozem region, with an area of 14 m2. The temperature inside the chamber was maintained at 18-22 °C, the air humidity was 65%, the concentration of negative aeroions was 987u/cm3, positive aeroions – 834u/cm3. The background radiation was 17 microns/hour. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using Excel and IBM SSPS Statistics 26 programs. The results of the study. In the control group, there were no significant changes in the ionic composition of saliva and blood, as well as the total and ionic composition of urine.Under the influence of speleoclimate in the experimental group, an increase in the concentration of ketones, proteins, bilirubin and urobilinogen was observed, which indicates metabolic changes in the subjects, Table 1. In some study participants, the protein level in the urine increased on the third day of therapy, but by the tenth session it returned to normal levels.When taking calcium at the recommended dosage (500 mg twice a day) during a visit to the speleocamera, the students did not experience changes in pH and bilirubin levels. The combined use of calcium and speleotherapy did not affect the presence of ketone bodies, although the protein level in the urine increased, which is reflected in Table 2.The dynamics of the parameters of general urinalysis under the influence of speleotherapy and the combined use of calcium gluconate in the experimental group, Table 2IN a laboratory study, a change in the dynamics of ions in the urine was observed. There was a significant decrease in the excretion of potassium ions by the third (Me=59, Q1=21.75, Q3=77) and tenth days of the course of speleotherapy (Me=29, Q1= 20, Q3=58.5). The dynamics of sodium ions was similar to that of potassium. There was also a significant increase in the excretion of chlorine ions by the third day of the course (Me=104.25, Q1=102.375, Q3=105.075) and a decrease by the tenth day. The dynamics of calcium excretion was reversed: a decrease by the third day and an increase by the tenth day of the course of speleotherapy (Me=3.46, Q1=1.525, Q3=7.1325b), Table 3.Thus, exposure to speleoclimate leads to a change in the concentration of ions in the urine, which can affect various metabolic processes. There was an increase in the release of calcium from the body, activation of lipolysis processes, as well as the excretion of protein and bilirubin. These changes in the general urinalysis may be due to increased permeability of the renal barriers under the action of aeroions.Conclusion. The effect of speleoclimate has a complex effect on the human body, affects various types of metabolism. Visiting the speleocamera by the study participants led to an increase in their urine levels of ketones, proteins, bilirubin and urobilinogen. With the combined use of speleotherapy and calcium gluconate, the pH and bilirubin levels in the students remained stable, unlike in the initial group. This combination did not affect the presence of ketones in the urine, but led to an increase in protein levels.

About the authors

Polina Alekseevna Shishkina

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: shishkinapolina2004@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3984-6540
SPIN-code: 9400-2908
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, st. Studencheskaya, 10

Vera Alekseevna Semiletova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Email: vera2307@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7802-6436
SPIN-code: 8330-0064
Scopus Author ID: 480737

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, st. Studencheskaya, 10

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