The impact of the production of mineral fertilizers on the environment using the example of the production of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers" in Rossosh, Voronezh region


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

In the modern world, environmental issues are becoming increasingly relevant. One of the key aspects of environmental conservation is the quality of atmospheric air and water facilities. Environmental pollution poses a serious threat to human, animal, and plant health, as well as to the entire ecosystem. The environmental situation in the Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh Region is of particular concern. Air pollution by the industrial enterprise of JSC "Minudobreniya" occurs during the production of technical liquid ammonia, calcium carbonate, technological chalk, nitroammophoski (azofoski), ammonium nitrate and gaseous oxygen. The company annually emits more than 5,500 tons of harmful substances (93.2% of all city emissions). Goal. To study the characteristics of the environmental impact of the production of JSC "Minudobreniya" on the environment, to analyze the pollution of atmospheric air and the water basin in the Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh region. Materials and methods. An analysis of the reporting "on the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Voronezh region" for 2017-2023 was carried out. Results. The analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to establish that the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the atmospheric air in the area of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers" are not exceeded. Conclusion. Exceeding the permissible concentrations of harmful substances can have a negative impact on human health and the environment.  Measures must be followed to maintain the environmental situation.: reducing pollutant emissions, observing sanitary protection zones, and monitoring air quality.

 

Full Text

Introduction. In the modern world, environmental issues are becoming increasingly relevant [1,2]. Man-made hazards, natural disasters, pollution of the air basin, surface reservoirs, underground water sources, and soil cover with dangerous chemical toxicants, and deterioration of the sanitary and hygienic situation in the emergency zone lead to a violation of environmental safety in the Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh Region [3,4]. One of the key aspects of environmental conservation is the quality of the atmospheric air that we breathe in every second of our lives [5]. Atmospheric pollution poses a serious threat to human, animal, and plant health, as well as to the entire ecosystem. Major sources of atmospheric pollution in the Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh Region are more than 50 industrial enterprises of the chemical, food, oil and metalworking industries, whose emissions contain dangerous chemicals that lead to atmospheric air pollution. Such enterprises concentrated on the territory of the urban settlement of Rossosh include JSC "Minudobrenia", JSC "Rossoshansky elevator", LLC "Pridonkhimstroy Lime", LLC "Virage", LLC "Delta-Pak" and others [6,7]. The main source of environmental pollution in the city of Rossosh is one of the main facilities for the chemical production of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mineral fertilizers, ammonium nitrate and other nitrogen compounds, the Minudobreniya enterprise, the share of emissions of polluting compounds of which accounts for the majority, that is, 98% of emissions from all industries of the urban settlement [6,7]. According to the Voronezh Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring and the laboratory of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Voronezh Region in 2017, of the total volume of dangerous toxicants released into the air of the industrial complex, the smallest volume consists of chemical compounds of class 1 equal to 0.09% (lead), and the largest volume consists of chemicals of class 4 equal to 80.8% (carbon, oxides, ammonia, inorganic dust) [6, 7]. Chemical toxic compounds used in industry and in various spheres of human activity have an adverse effect on the components of the ecological environment, the state of the air basin, water bodies, and soil cover, worsen the epidemiological situation in the infected area, and lead to the development of various somatic pathologies and infectious diseases in humans [1.5]. Goal. The purpose of the work was to study the environmental impact of the production of JSC "Minudobrenia" on the environment, and to analyze atmospheric air pollution in the Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh Region. Materials and methods of research. In the course of scientific work, materials from the report "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Voronezh Region" for the period from 2017 to 2023 were used to study the chemical situation at the Minudobrenia enterprise [7,8]. Statistical research methods were applied to analyze the environmental situation, a comparative method was used to identify the dynamics of atmospheric pollution and drinking water from centralized water supply in the Rossoshan region in dynamics from 2017 and 2023. The results of the study. The largest number of agrochemical products produced annually by the chemical plant "Minudobreniya", one of the major producers of agricultural chemicals, is accounted for by ammonia, nitroammophoska, and nitric acid, which amount to 1.2 million tons, 1.236 million tons, and 850 thousand tons per year, respectively [7,8]. Analyzing the data from the official website of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers" of the city of Rossosh for the period from 2017 to 2023, an increase in the volume of production of agrochemical compounds was noted. The largest amount of mineral fertilizers produced was recorded in 2017, while the share of ammonia products in 2021 was 1.1% higher, phosphorous agrochemicals - 0.7%, nitrogen fertilizers - 0.5%, nitrogen and phosphorus-containing mixtures - 2.5% compared to 2017 [7,8]. The production process of phosphorous, nitrogen and complex mineral fertilizers is accompanied by the danger of the formation of toxic ingredients released into the environment into the atmospheric air outside the territory of this enterprise. Nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and hydrogen fluoride account for the largest emissions of priority air pollutants detected outside the company's territory, amounting to 1,099,738 tons, 824,717 tons and 10,440 tons per year, respectively. Penetrating into the human body, dangerous ingredients in the production of mineral fertilizers cause negative effects and damage to the respiratory tract, skin, cardiovascular system, hematopoiesis system, central nervous system, and contribute to the development of occupational dust diseases [8,9]. In order to reduce the harmful effects of released chemical ingredients that pollute the environment and have an adverse effect on public health in the area of influence of the enterprise, a sanitary protection zone with a distance of 1 km is organized around JSC Minudobreniya in accordance with state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations. We have analyzed the quality of atmospheric air within, on the border and outside the sanitary protection zone of the chemical enterprise. According to the results of the study, there was no excess of the maximum permissible concentration of chemical toxicants in the air basin in the territory of influence of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers". According to social and hygienic monitoring data, monitoring points at Rospotrebnadzor controls in the Rossoshansky district over a six-year period recorded a decrease in the frequency of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration in the range of "1.1 - 2.0" times in 2017 to "0.1 – 1.0" times in 2023 nitrogen dioxide, phenol and suspended solids in the air basin of the district [8,9]. The intake of incompletely purified waters from industrial organizations in the city of Rossosh, combined with the unsatisfactory condition of purification systems and the effects of natural factors, contribute to the contamination of drinking water from centralized water supply, groundwater sources and surface waters of the Don River basin with organic substances, nitrates, metals, and sulfates. So, in 2017, the share of drinking water samples from centralized water supply exceeding the standard sanitary and chemical indicators in the Rossoshansky district amounted to 48.2%. The results of monitoring the quality of drinking water in centralized water supply showed that during the study period from 2017 to 2023, the frequency of exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of priority pollutants (iron, manganese, nitrates) remains in the range from 0.1 to 1.0 times. There is an increase in the frequency of exceeding the hygienic standard of total hardness above 10 mg / eq. per liter [7,8]. In case of an emergency at a dangerous enterprise, personal protective equipment is used to protect against harmful substances at the production of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers" [7.10]. When interacting with a high content of industrial aerosols and harmful substances, it is recommended to use: respirator "RPG-67-(B, CD)", "RU=60M-(A, VDD)", as well as light dust respirators: "Alina-V, AB, K", "Petal-V", Strela-1023, Lotos, URALETS-GP. Compared to traditional respirators, they are made of lightweight materials in the form of a rubber half mask, with low breathing resistance [9]. Neva K half masks made of ion-exchange materials are designed to protect against ammonia, Neva B half masks are designed to protect against acid gases. To protect the eye organs from exposure to chemical liquids, gases, fumes, smoke, and dust, it is recommended to use Premium glasses with anti-fog coating, closed safety glasses PERSPEKTIVA GH 3001. To protect the employees of the enterprise and the population in the area of influence of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers", a remote control and alarm system operates at the chemical production facility, devices for gas purification of emissions from hazardous chemicals in gas and vapor state and industrial dust are used, and compliance with the technological process for obtaining fertilizers is monitored [8,9]. Conclusion. The analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to establish that the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the atmospheric air in the area of JSC "Mineral Fertilizers" are not exceeded. Exceeding the permissible concentrations of harmful substances can have a negative impact on human health and the environment. Measures must be taken to maintain the environmental situation.: reducing pollutant emissions, observing sanitary protection zones, and monitoring air quality.

×

About the authors

Ekaterina Anatolyevna Sukhetskaya

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Author for correspondence.
Email: suhetzckaya2015@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2636-6938
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studencheskaya Str.,10

Ekaterina Sergeevna Shashkova

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Email: katich042018@gmail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-1491-0309
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studencheskaya Str.,10

Ekaterina Alexandrovna Raskina

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Email: ek-raskina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2195-4116
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studencheskaya Str.,10

Lyudmila E. Mekhantyeva

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Email: medkat@vrngmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2439-3625
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studencheskaya Str.,10

Marianna Vladimirovna Perfilieva

Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko

Email: medkat@vrngmu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8998-2132
Russian Federation, 394036, Russia, Voronezh, Studencheskaya Str.,10

References

  1. Оценка влияния загрязнения питьевой воды химическими соединениями на здоровье населения Воронежской области / Л.Е. Механтьева, М.В. Перфильева, Е.А. Раскина, А.А. Дорохина, А.В. Енин, Н.А. Косякова // Комплексные проблемы техносферной безопасности: материалы VI Международной научно-практической конференции: в 3 ч. / отв. ред. И.Г. Дроздов. – Воронеж, 2021. – С.298 – 304. EDN: FJOQAC.
  2. Оценка экологической обстановки и пути совершенствования радиационной безопасности в районе расположения Нововоронежской атомной электростанции / Л.Е. Механтьева, Е.А. Раскина, М.В. Перфильева, А.В. Енин, Воробьева В.А., Иванова Д.С. // Материалы VII Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции «Безопасность – 2023». – Волгоград. Издательство: Волгоградский государственный медицинский университет, 2023. – С. 145 – 149.
  3. Анализ пожароопасной обстановки на территории Воронежской области / Л.Е. Механтьева, М.В. Перфильева, Т.П. Склярова, Е.А. Раскина, А.В. Енин // Актуальные вопросы техносферной безопасности на современном этапе. Сборник материалов VI Всероссийской студенческой научно-практической конференции с международным участием. – Воронеж. Издательство: ФГБОУ ВО ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко Минздрава России, 2022. – С. 136 – 147.
  4. Анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по кишечным инфекционным заболеваниям на территории Воронежской области / Л.Е. Механтьева, М.В. Перфильева, Е.А. Раскина, А.В. Нестерова // Актуальные вопросы биологической безопасности на современном этапе. Материалы V Всероссийской студенческой научно-практической конференции с международным участием. Воронеж, 2021. – С. 59 – 64. END: GYPPEE/
  5. Техногенное загрязнение окружающей среды и степень его влияния на здоровье населения Воронежской области / Л.Е. Механтьева, М.В. Перфильева, Е.А. Раскина, А.В. Нестерова / Книга: Комплексные проблемы техносферной безопасности. Научный и практический подходы к развитию и реализации технологий безопасности / Сборник тезисов по материалам XVII Междунар. науч.-практ. конф. - Воронеж: ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный технический университет», 2021. – С. 129-130.
  6. Баутина Е.В. Анализ влияния производственных предприятий на экологическую обстановку Воронежской области / Е.В. Баутина, Ю.А. Стукальская // Проектное управление в строительстве. – 2020. - №2 (19). – С. 138-146. - URL: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_44051783_81531655.pdf (дата обращения: 2.10.24).
  7. Доклад «О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Воронежской области в 2019 году» – Воронеж: Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по Воронежской области, 2020. – 200 с. - URL: https://36.rospotrebnadzor.ru/download/apxiv/doklad_sanepid2019.pdf (дата обращения: 27.10.24).
  8. Доклад «О состоянии санитарно-эпидемиологического благополучия населения в Воронежской области в 2023 году» – Воронеж: Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по Воронежской области, 2024. – 199 с. - URL: https://36.rospotrebnadzor.ru/download/dokl_seb_2023.pdf (дата обращения: 21.10.24).
  9. Генеральный план городского поселения – город Россошь Россошанского муниципального района Воронежской области. Том II. Материалы по обоснованию генерального плана город Россошь Воронежской области. Бюджетное учреждение Воронежской области «Нормативно-проектный центр», 2021. – 210 с. - URL: https:// rossosh.ru (дата обращения: 3.11.24)

Supplementary files

There are no supplementary files to display.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies