Study of the Influence of sleep on students’ cognitive
- Authors: Tsurkina M.S.1
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Affiliations:
- Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
- Issue: Vol 14 (2025): Материалы XXI Международного Бурденковского научного конгресса 24-26 апреля 2025
- Pages: 833-836
- Section: Физиологические механизмы адаптации в норме и патологии
- URL: https://new.vestnik-surgery.com/index.php/2415-7805/article/view/10346
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Abstract
Introduction. Sleep is one of the fundamental physiological processes that ensures the optimal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and the maintenance of overall health. Research shows that even brief sleep deprivation can lead to a decline in cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and executive skills, as well as emotional instability. For students, who are constantly under pressure from heavy academic workloads and frequent stressful situations, the role of proper rest becomes particularly significant. However, many young people sacrifice sleep in favor of additional time for exam preparation or completing assignments, not realizing that chronic sleep deprivation has a serious impact on learning ability and overall well-being. Additionally, modern factors, such as excessive information overload, the use of gadgets before sleep, and irregular schedules, exacerbate this problem. Chronic sleep deprivation can lead to metabolic disturbances, weakened immunity, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, studying the impact of sleep on students' cognitive abilities, as well as developing effective measures to prevent and correct sleep disorders, is an important task for modern science.
Results. 75% of respondents cited academic workload as the main cause of sleep deprivation. 81.3% reported decreased concentration, with an average reaction time slowing to 316.71 ms (normal – 250 ms). The tapping test (30.33) revealed impaired motor skills and nervous system instability. Sleep deprivation worsens memory and attention.
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Introduction. Sleep is one of the fundamental physiological processes necessary for the optimal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Sleep disturbances often lead to impaired cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive skills) and emotional stability, which is particularly relevant for students under increased academic pressure.
Purpose of the Study. To analyze the effects of various sleep regimens on human cognitive functions and to propose measures for improving sleep quality among students.
Materials and Methods. A literature review was conducted on sleep phases (N1–N3, REM), genetic factors, and individual characteristics. In a pilot study, 26 volunteers (aged 16–25) without severe mental disorders were surveyed. Subjective indicators of sleep quality, memory, attention, and emotional state were assessed, as well as tests for coordination and a tapping test to evaluate the strength of the nervous system. The aim was to identify CNS characteristics, endurance, and performance in students. The data were compared between groups with normal and disturbed sleep patterns, and the results were processed using descriptive statistical methods.
Results. 1) Over 75% of respondents identified high academic workload as the main cause of sleep deprivation, confirming that studying (exam preparation, completing assignments, etc.) leads to regular sleep deprivation and a decline in cognitive and motor skills. (Figure 1 – Factors Hindering Adequate Sleep)
2) The survey results show that the most common consequence of sleep deprivation reported by respondents is decreased concentration (which is confirmed by slower reaction times in tests), and nearly half of the participants (81.3%) note a deterioration in emotional state due to lack of sleep. (Figure 2 – Survey Results on the Impact of Sleep on Cognitive and Emotional Aspects)
3) In the visual-motor coordination test, the average reaction time was 316.71 ms—approximately 27% slower than the normative value of 250 ms—indicating significant slowing associated with sleep deficiency. (Figure 3 – Average Reaction Time in the Visual-Motor Coordination Test)
4) The tapping test results (30.33) showed a decrease in speed and accuracy of movements, linked to sleep deprivation. This manifests as both deterioration in motor skills and occasional increases in reaction speed, indicating unstable nervous system function. The test was conducted with the right hand, which eliminates the influence of hand dominance and confirms that the deviations are related to the nervous system condition and sleep quality. (Figure 4 – Tapping Test Results of the Student Group)
5) Most respondents associated sleep deprivation with diminished concentration and memory difficulties.
Conclusion. Poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep negatively impact cognitive functions, reducing motor activity, concentration, and coordination, as well as increasing cognitive fatigue. This highlights the importance of sleep disorder prevention among students. Developing recommendations for optimizing rest can improve academic performance and psychological well-being.
About the authors
Maria Sergeevna Tsurkina
Voronezh State Medical University named after N. N. Burdenko
Author for correspondence.
Email: mariazur05@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-9418-0812
Russian Federation, 12 Studencheskaya Street, 394036 Voronezh, Russian Federation
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