Contribution of Astrakhan doctors in the years of the Great Patriotic War

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Introduction. The contribution of Astrakhan doctors during the Great Patriotic War remains an insufficiently studied topic, despite their significant role in saving the lives of front-line soldiers and civilians. Astrakhan, as an important strategic rear center, became a support base for evacuation of the wounded, organization of hospitals and scientific medical developments. The study of the activities of such outstanding doctors as Nikolai Georgievich Lychmanov and Leon Ludvigovich Sluvko allows not only to fill the gaps in historical science, but also to emphasize the importance of medical workers in times of crisis. In today's conditions of increased interest in regional history and preservation of historical memory, this topic acquires special relevance.
Purpose of the paper. The purpose of this article is to analyze the contribution of Astrakhan doctors N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko to the organization of medical care during the Great Patriotic War, as well as their role in the development of surgery and health care in the postwar period. The study is aimed at preserving the historical memory of the feats of medical workers and fostering respect for their work.
Materials and methods of research. Archival materials, memoirs, scientific publications, as well as documents stored in the Astrakhan Museum-Reserve were used for writing the article. Special attention is paid to the analysis of biographical data of N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko, their professional activities during and after the war. The research methods include historical and biographical analysis, study of archival sources and comparative analysis of their contribution to military medicine.
Results of the study. Nikolai Georgievich Lychmanov was born in 1899 in Astrakhan in the family of a clerk. In 1918 he entered the medical faculty of Astrakhan University, but his studies were interrupted by service in the Red Army during the Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War Lychmanov worked as chief surgeon of evacuation hospital No. 1589 of the II Ukrainian Front [1, 2]. In August 1941, being surrounded with a thousand wounded and being the only surgeon, he showed exceptional courage and professionalism, saving the lives of soldiers. After demobilization in 1944, he returned to Astrakhan, where he continued to work as the chief surgeon of the Department of hospitals of the Regional Health Department, leading surgeon of the hospital of reconstructive surgery, as well as engaged in scientific and teaching activities [2, 3]. Under his leadership, the first trauma center, traumatology department and reorganized prosthetic and orthopedic workshop were opened in Astrakhan. His contribution to the development of surgery and organization of medical care was marked by numerous awards [3].
Leon Ludvigovich Sluvko was born in 1917 and graduated from the Astrakhan Medical Institute in 1941. In September 1942 he was drafted into the Red Army and began his service as a surgeon of the medical unit of the 159th separate brigade of the 28th Army. In 1942 he was appointed head of the surgical department of the army field hospital on the Stalingrad front. In the conditions of the heaviest fighting, he showed himself as a talented surgeon, saving the lives of the wounded and conducted more than two thousand operations. [1, 2]. After the war Major of reserve L.L. Sluvko continued his medical and scientific activity, becoming an assistant of faculty surgical clinic of ASMI [2]. He worked as a surgeon in the regional clinical hospital No. 1. His contribution to the development of medical education and practice in the region was significant [4].
Conclusion. The activity of N.G. Lychmanov and L.L. Sluvko during the Great Patriotic War is a vivid example of heroism and professionalism of medical workers. Their contribution to saving the lives of wounded soldiers and the development of medical science has not only historical but also social and cultural significance. The study of their exploits helps to preserve the memory of the heroism of doctors during the war and contributes to the education of patriotism and respect for the medical profession.

About the authors

Daria Alekseevna Lyapina

Astrakhan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: liapinadaria@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0000-8321-1900
Russian Federation, 121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000, Russia.

Kistaman Kamilovna Omarova

Astrakhan Medical State University

Email: krstn19670503@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-9496-4018
Russian Federation, 121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000, Russia.

Irina Valerievna Vakulenko

Astrakhan Medical State University

Email: irina_vakulenko@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9472-3482

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Forensic Medicine

Russian Federation, 121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000, Russia.

Yulia Vladimirovna Zbruyeva

Astrakhan Medical State University

Email: z_b_r@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8530-0373

Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor

Russian Federation, 121 Bakinskaya St., Astrakhan, 414000, Russia.

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