Peculiarities of Covid-19 development in the world, middle east and Iran

Abstract

This comprehensive article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the Middle East, and globally. It examines the potential decline in disease prevalence as a result of vaccination efforts and adherence to health guidelines, as projected by the World Health Organization. Additionally, the article explores the usage and expenses associated with prescription medications for COVID-19 treatment in Iran, highlighting the economic strain and ethical dilemmas stemming from crisis management and treatment protocols. It also delves into the ever-changing landscape of the pandemic including the emergence of new virus variants and the role of the local pharmaceutical sector in ensuring treatment availability. The study underscores the importance of continuous research and comprehensive policy development to tackle the evolving hurdles posed by the COVID-19 crisis.

Full Text

Abstract: This comprehensive article provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the Middle East, and globally. It examines the potential decline in disease prevalence as a result of vaccination efforts and adherence to health guidelines, as projected by the World Health Organization. Additionally, the article explores the usage and expenses associated with prescription medications for COVID-19 treatment in Iran, highlighting the economic strain and ethical dilemmas stemming from crisis management and treatment protocols. It also delves into the ever-changing landscape of the pandemic including the emergence of new virus variants and the role of the local pharmaceutical sector in ensuring treatment availability. The study underscores the importance of continuous research and comprehensive policy development to tackle the evolving hurdles posed by the COVID-19 crisis.

Keywords: Covid-19; Iran; Coronavirus; Iraq; middle east; UAE

Introduction:

In this article, we investigate coronavirus in Iran, the Middle East, and the world. According to the studies conducted, as we get closer to 2024, the prevalence of the disease will decrease in most of the examined places due to vaccination and compliance with health protocols. In Iran, due to the sanctions imposed we experienced a lot of difficulties to gather statistics and findings and accurate information to conduct on. Also, in this article, different peaks of coronavirus according to drug use in different parts of the Middle East and Iran have been investigated.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has predicted the near end of the COVID- 19 epidemic, and has compared the race to control it to a marathon. The risk of death from the epidemic was the lowest since March 2020, and the disease is expected to continue to circulate. Vaccination and the high frequency of acquired infections will result in a population with a high degree of protection against serious infections. However, the epidemic is likely to continue to circulate, leading to an increase in severe cases at high transmission ages. Lack of knowledge about the dynamics of the trade-off between the coronavirus and other respiratory infections affects the prediction of the total number of respiratory infections and their impact on health. The contagion isn't intelligent and doesn't do what it wants; Do only what we allow it to do. It is prudent to continue efforts to control its damage and cover the emergence of new varieties, vaccine boosters and, if necessary, temporarily reactivate control measures.[1]

Relevance:

In 2019, The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed of cases of pneumonia in the Chines city of Wuhan. As of January 21, 2023, all cases and total deaths have been reported worldwide. The increasing number of cases has increased more than six times and the number of deaths has increased nearly three times in the last two periods. United States having the highest number of cases and deaths, Chile leading in vaccination rate, Europe having the highest cases, and the Western Pacific with the highest vaccination percentage. Some countries like Ukraine and Africa have lower vaccination rates. The global total shows over 663 million cases and 6.7 million deaths. Vaccination efforts are crucial to control the spread of COVID-19 and protect populations worldwide and determined the outgrowth of this tremendous epidemic unfortunately happened. [2]

All contagions, especially SARS-CoV-2, naturally change over time, with mutations that potentially change the rate of spread or the intractability of the associated complaint. The effectiveness of therapeutic drugs and vaccines can also change due to mutations.

The COVID- 19 epidemic has progressed significantly in 2023 since it began in 2020. The Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has identified a new coronavirus as responsible for the rise in respiratory diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2023. Despite sweats to learn from the epidemic and transnational pacts, the global response continues to fail. In 2023, China lifted its most restrictive controls, allowing people with mild or asymptomatic complaint to barricade themselves in their homes, travel in public, and relax lockdowns.

However, this unpredictable reversal led to the rapid spread of infection among millions of Chinese, resulting in the death of large number of elderly people. The Chinese population entered an unstable stage due to insufficient vaccination rates, especially for the elderly.

Purpose of the work is to assess the COVID-19 cases in Middle East countries

In Saudi Arabia There was beginning with affirmed case detailed of a citizen arriving to Qatif from Iran through Bahrain. Moreover, all travelers coming from nations stricken by COVID- 19 flare-up were to be screened. Some days afterward century into and exit from Qatif was briefly suspended. Encourage along, the serve of instruction announced the suspension of all schools and colleges in Saudi Arabia. All social occasions were suspended, Participation at work environments in government organizations and private divisions were suspended as well. Supplication in all mosques was suspended as well. UAE On the 15th of Walk, 12 cases were affirmed to have the crown infection, all have been tried upon their arrived within the Joined together Middle easterner Emirates. The service of wellbeing has made it exceptionally clear to the open that they are set and ready to combat the crown infection with all vital prerequisites and supplies inside their restorative offices to supply satisfactory care for the patients of COVID-19.

In expansion, the service has encouraged individuals to take after the safeguards and mindfulness fabric accessible on the official channels. On the 17th of Walk, the wellbeing specialists of the Joined together Middle easterner Emirates have begun ton mobilize activity plans planning within all other specialists in an exertion to halt the episode. On the21st of Walk, it was reported that all non-essential foundation will be closed until advance take note, counting parks, open and private shorelines, swimming pools, wear corridors and motion picture theaters for 2 weeks. Turkey On January 10th, a “Corona infection logical Admonitory Board” have been issued by the Turkish Service of Wellbeing. Where the sole reason of this board is to come up with the rules required to combat the crown infection by the open, and the treatment measures required to be followed by healthcare experts. On the 1st of February, all flights to China and Iran have been ceased in an exertion to halt the transmission.

On the  29th  of  February, Turkey has reported closing flights from numerous nations counting Italy, South Korea and Iraq. Not as well long after that, the borders with Iraq have been closed as well. In Walk, Turkey has begun a prepare of sanitizing the open places and open transportation. Turkey has over 3000 cases as of April 5th, the government has issued numerous controls, beginning with the  closure  of  schools  by the starting of Walk 16. Iran In Iran, the begin of COVID-19 widespread was with a case of a vendor who traveled to China. In reaction to the rising plague, Iran government built up a few preventative estimations. Case in point, closing the schools, the colleges, shopping centers, sacred holy places.

Afterward on, taking after a emotional rise in the number of cases a travel boycott was authoritatively reported between the cities and all the flights were cancelled due to notices. Service of Health and Therapeutic Instruction asked to play down number of travelers in Fatima Masoumeh Hallowed place and all devout locales. In show disdain toward of that, the Shia sanctums in Qom were still open for the travelers. As a result, to the extreme increment in Iran's COVID-19 cases, a few encompassing nations closed the border they share with Iran. Within the of March Iran's cases made up 90% of all COVID-19 cases within the East. By the 5th of April, Iran reported 58 thousand confirmed cases and 3.6 thousand deaths. Iran has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, ranking as the eighth highest country in terms of confirmed cases worldwide. Among Middle Eastern nations, Iran has experienced the most severe impact of the pandemic, with high case numbers and considerable challenges in managing the spread of the virus. The country has faced significant difficulties in containing the outbreak and mitigating its effects on public health and healthcare systems. Efforts to curb the spread of COVID-19 and provide adequate medical care have been ongoing, but Iran continues to grapple with the devastating impact of the virus.

Materials and methods of research in Findings of COVID-19 include census of cases:

In various findings there is confirmed COVID-19 cases in various Middle Eastern nations. It shows a significant increase in confirmed cases as the pandemic progressed. For example, there were 5321 confirmed cases in Bahrain in March, while Egypt had 912 confirmed cases in April and Iran had 5079 confirmed cases in May. The first confirmed case in the UAE was reported in January 2020 with eight patients, and other countries had their first cases in February and May 2020. the first established case of COVID-19 in the UAE was reported in January 2020 with eight patients. Other rankings were Iran (February 18), Israel and Lebanon (February 21), Iraq, Kuwait and Oman (February 24), Bahrain (February 25), and Qatar (February 29) in May 2020, respectively. [4]

In Iran reported 7,800 deaths by December of 2020. The numbers reflect the significant impact of the pandemic on the region.

Research results:

Time and duration of Covid-19 waves

In Asia, the first wave started on January 23, 2020, and lasted until March 29, 2020, spanning a duration of 67 days. Meanwhile, in Europe, the first wave began on February 24, 2020, and continued until April 12, 2020, lasting 49 days. Furthermore, Europe experienced a second wave from July 24, 2020, to November 8, 2020, which lasted 106 days. Similar patterns were observed   in   other   continents   during   the   course   of   the   pandemic.

assessment of COVID-19 treatments in Iran in comparison to local healing guidelines

As a actual-world populace-stage information supply for Iran in the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, we evaluated the market for all feasible COVID-19 medicines (both labelled or off-categorized) in Iran. First, among March 21, 2020, and March 21, 2021, all iterations of the MOH therapeutic recommendations on COVID-19 care have been tested. every medicine that turned into blanketed in at least one version was taken out alongside with the advised dosage, length of remedy, and affected person eligibility subgroup. After that, a further significant list of pills that have been not suggested was made and was normally prescribed in Iran to treat this contamination.

Favipiravir and Remdesivir are  new COVID-19-associated medicinal drugs that nearby organizations commenced producing inside the first numerous months of the pandemic. With a few exceptions in which shortages necessitated temporary imports, neighborhood producers met every demand inside the marketplace. The local biosimilar for COVID-19 changed into also delivered to the marketplace in the example of tocilizumab. Even earlier than to the pandemic, all additional COVID-19 medications had been likewise created locally. patients' lack of get right of entry to to those remedies was largely because of the local pharmaceutical industry's rapid creation and production of each ability drug in Iran. sufferers might also have had remarkable difficulty gaining access to medications inside the absence of such bendy industrial infrastructure because of the global shortage, the excessive fee of imported brands, and the restrictions placed in area.

It is very expected that society will want authorities to move quickly to approve implicit remedies before a whole bundle of evidence is developed, particularly in cases when there is a new pandemic and no established treatment.[5] Safety may be given top attention in certain situations, efficacy may be evaluated more loosely[6], and cost-effectiveness as a component of the health technology assessment (HTA) process cannot be regarded as a particularly significant variable. These emergency judgements, though, ought to be routinely updated in tandem with the accumulation of new data. A rolling-HTA dossier process, in which all clinical, economic, social, and ethical aspects are updated in response to changing evidence development, might be used by governments to reevaluate every treatment. In Iran during the first year of the pandemic, a similar strategy.

However, it turned into added to the list of advantages blanketed by insurance for COVID-19 inpatient use.

however, the MOH counseled in opposition to using any antiviral medications, inclusive of remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, and atazanavir, in the most latest model of the COVID-19 guiding principle in 2020 because there has been inadequate evidence in their efficacy. Remdesivir and favipiravir had been still in excessive call for and often utilized via hospitals and clinicians, nonetheless. Tocilizumab turned into the situation of controversy as nicely. It was not allowed to be added to ILD for rheumatoid arthritis a few years previous, however it was added for the COVID-19 indication. all over again, until the belief of this examine, tocilizumab become not suggested in any MOH therapeutic hints, excluding medical trials.

An analysis of treatment alternatives that were not approved or cautioned found out that a number of those medicinal drugs had been extensively used to deal with COVID-19. as an example, ivermectin sales have elevated over 20 instances notwithstanding all disapprovals, which can be appreciably associated with claims about its effect on COVID-19.[10] sales extent improved with the aid of 88% whilst colchicine become allegedly prescribed to treat COVID-19 without any approval or recommendation.

The number one research constraint can be related to the shortcomings of ecological studies, which priorities common styles over in-depth exam of particular cases. A more thorough knowledge of the degree of proof-based totally therapy and its fluctuations throughout time, geographic areas, wealth-associated disparities, and so forth., may be received by means of gaining access to character-primarily based databases, together with the ones touching on medical health insurance and pharmaceuticals. This have a look at different weak point has to do with the statistics source. We made the assumption that national-degree income of prescribed drugs corresponded to utilization in the absence of utilization statistics.

 This might be contested because excessive manufacturing and waste of a product could be interpreted as high consumption (as is most likely the case with azithromycin). However, a shortage of a drug like the one that occurred with favipiravir and remdesivir could be misleading.

in spite of the Iran MOH's early adoption of proof-primarily based policymaking, there were numerous inconsistencies in how diverse sections implemented the tips and tips. This crisis control flaw put the healthcare system under a few financial strain and gave upward thrust to ethical questions. To gain a deeper expertise of the caliber of policymaking and implementation across numerous fitness-care machine components at some point of the pandemic, greater studies has to be completed.

Forecasts regarding COVID-19 in Iran

The critical factor about the future waves of COVID-19 depends totally on our social behaviors. It was remarked that the future waves have less unfold than earlier than, however the number of contamination instances will preserve growing. So, an urgent public fitness intervention is wanted. [11]

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this article provides a comprehensive investigation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, the Middle East, and the world. The findings suggest that as of 2023, the prevalence of the disease is expected to decrease in most examined places due to vaccination and compliance with health protocols. However, challenges remain, particularly in Iran due to sanctions and in other parts of the Middle East due to various containment measures and healthcare system responses. The article also delves into the utilization and costs of prescription drugs for COVID-19 treatment in Iran, highlighting the economic burden and ethical concerns arising from the crisis management and implementation of treatment guidelines. Additionally, the article provides insights into the dynamic nature of the pandemic, including the emergence of new virus variants, the market demand for COVID-19 medications, and the role of the local pharmaceutical industry in addressing treatment accessibility. Overall, the article emphasizes the need for ongoing research and comprehensive policymaking to address the evolving challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Information about authors:

Polyakov Dmitry Viktorovich , Associate Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases RNIMU N. I. Pirogov, Russia , Moscow, St.Ostrovi

tyanova,1c7 ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002--8738-6924; dima-polaykov@mail.ru

Farzadkia Bita , 3rd year student , International faculty, Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov Scientific , Russia , Moscow, St.Ostrovityanova,1c7 ; bfarzadkia@gmail.com 

Abouki Parham ,3rd year student , International faculty, Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov Scientific , Russia , Moscow, St.Ostrovityanova,1c7 ; parhamabouki@yandex.com