Vol 29, No 1 (2026): Опубликован 27.03.2026

Relevance. In clinical dentistry during a therapeutic appointment, endodontic treatment is associated with significant difficulties, and errors at each stage can lead to long-term complications, for example, the creation of perforations and impaired adhesion in the future [1,2].

The design features of the apical end of the needles do not provide sufficient uniform removal of the intracanal biofilm and canal contents throughout the entire length of the root canal. The location and size of the holes do not provide laminar flow of irrigation solutions. Air bubbles and turbulence make it difficult for solutions to penetrate into anatomically complex root canals with lateral deltas, branches and canaliculi [5

Currently, there are many new dental devices for irrigation and activation of irrigating solutions. The principle of their operation is based on technically facilitating the flow of irrigation solution into the apical third of the root canal system. The effectiveness of cavitation activation methods provides higher rates of cleanliness of root canals in comparison with the traditional manual method of root canal irrigation [6,7]

It is worth noting that the use of most modern methods requires the purchase of specialized equipment. High cost and significant dimensions are often associated with complex constructive implementation of manipulative interventions in the conditions of mobile dental offices or in conditions of garrison provision of dental medical care

According to the National Guidelines for Therapeutic Dentistry, additional etching with phosphoric acid is recommended to ensure reliable fixation of posts and inlays made of composite and zirconium onto dual-curing cement [8]. This step is followed by rinsing with distilled water

To completely remove the smear layer in the root canal area and tooth cavity, it is necessary to apply 37% phosphoric acid to the dentin for 20 seconds. The canal should then be rinsed again with distilled water and dried using paper points. Fixation is carried out using a dual-cure adhesive system

In clinical practice, the problem of complete removal (washing away) of orthophosphoric acid from hard-to-reach areas of the root canal remains. Complex morphological features of the architectonics of the tooth root canal system - tortuous, narrow canals with numerous anatomical features - different diameters in the buccolingual and mesiodistal direction, undercuts - “fins”, additional lateral tubules and branches often lead to residues acids in hard-to-reach and confined areas. This fact entails subsequent leaky fixation of pin structures and the fragility of orthopedic prosthetics

Moreover, after mechanical processing and preparation of the canals for the post structure, the dentinal walls are covered with a thick lubricated layer consisting of dentinal filings, sealer and filler residues. In the absence of competent influence and incomplete removal of the smear layer, a subsequent violation of the tightness is possible when performing the adhesive protocol, which is an unfavorable prognostic sign when fixing a fiberglass pin, an orthopedic pin structure

Thus, the effective delivery of irrigation solutions to the entire depth of the root canal directly determines the quality of the formation of the hybrid layer and the success of subsequent adhesive preparation [9]. The purpose of the study was to develop a specialized cannula for the effective and safe removal of orthophosphoric acid from root canals at the stage of preparation for fixation of pin orthopedic structures and inlays made of composite and zirconium and to evaluate its effectiveness.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the pre-surgical orthodontic preparation stage on the stability of results and patient satisfaction after orthognathic surgeries. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 42 patients (22 women, 20 men) aged 18-35 years with diagnoses of sagittal, vertical, or transversal jaw abnormalities who underwent comprehensive surgical and orthodontic treatment between 2020 and 2024. The assessment included the analysis of diagnostic models, tele-radiographs (TRG), cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data, occlusion index (OI) before and after orthodontic preparation, as well as a questionnaire on the satisfaction scale (OHIP-14). Results. Adequate pre-surgical orthodontic preparation (decompensation) allowed to achieve an average group improvement of the OI from 58.7±4.2% to 89.3±3.1% (p<0.001). Patients with optimal decompensation (n=29) showed maximum postoperative stability of occlusion (94.2%) and high satisfaction (average OHIP-14 score of 8.2). Patients with insufficient preparation (n=13) were more likely to experience intraoperative complications (38.5% of cases) and recurrences in the long-term period. A strong correlation was found between the degree of decompensation of the lower dentition and the accuracy of surgical planning (r=0.79). Conclusions. High-quality pre-surgical orthodontic preparation is a critical step that directly affects surgical accuracy, stability of the result, and patient satisfaction. The developed evaluation protocol, based on a comprehensive analysis of CBCT, TRG, and models, allows for an 87% more accurate prediction of treatment success compared to using clinical data alone. The novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive quantitative assessment of the contribution of the orthodontic stage to the success of orthognathic surgery using objective indices and satisfaction indicators.

Alveolitis (dry socket) is a frequent and painful post-extraction complication associated with inflammation, microbial contamination and delayed epithelialization. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 980 nm laser monotherapy and combined 980/1550 nm laser therapy versus conventional curettage and antiseptic irrigation in a rabbit model of alveolitis. First incisors (teeth 2.1 and 3.1) were extracted in 18 adult male Chinchilla rabbits and blood clot formation was prevented to induce alveolitis; treatment was delivered on postoperative day 3. Hyperemia, edema, pain (Rabbit Grimace Scale), and socket closure were assessed up to day 7; microbiological CFU counts were measured, and histology was performed on day 7. In vitro, 980 nm irradiation eliminated Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans after 3 s. In vivo, high bacterial loads persisted by day 7 in conventional management (3.0×10^*6 ± 2.0×10^*6 CFU/mL), whereas they decreased to 2.0×10^*4 ± 1.0×10^*4 and 1.0×10^*4 ± 1.9×10^*3 CFU/mL after 980 nm and 980/1550 nm treatments, respectively. Combined therapy provided faster pain relief and accelerated socket closure (67% vs 33% with conventional treatment) without signs of thermal tissue injury.

In patients with complete absence of teeth, the most important thing is to restore chewing efficiency and optimize adaptation to orthopedic structures [1]. After analyzing the scientific literature available to us on the issue of available methods used to normalize the condition of human chewing muscles and ways to accelerate adaptation to prosthetics, we found out that today there are no those that can provide optimal and guaranteed results [2]. Therefore, it was decided to develop an author's method of training with biofeedback. In this work, 30 elderly patients with complete absence of teeth were examined at the stages of treatment with removable dentures in order to determine the effectiveness of the use of BOT therapy to reduce the process of adaptation to complete removable dentures [3].

The number of disabled children in Russia is constantly growing, which creates a constant need to expand specialized palliative care. However, there is a significant gap in dental care, namely in the treatment of caries in children receiving palliative care. This group of patients is vulnerable and constantly growing, but their dental needs have not been taken into account in regulatory documents and have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the study: to conduct a histological examination of dental sections obtained during oral sanitation in children undergoing palliative care, followed by analysis and identification of morphological disorders. Materials and methods: histological examination of removed temporary teeth was performed on the example of 9 patients (3-16 years old) with neurological and genetic disorders.

Patients with skeletal mesial occlusion are the most difficult group of patients due to significant discrepancies in the size of the jaws, facial features, anomalies in the position and inclination of the teeth, changes in the periodontium and temporomandibular joint. According to epidemiological studies in the Russian Federation, the incidence of pathology varies between 1-14% and is steadily increasing. The purpose of the study is to review and analyze the current state of the issues of growth and development of the maxillofacial region in the age and gender aspects of functional development, retention period, as well as systematization and generalization of the information obtained to improve the effectiveness of diagnosis, planning and treatment of patients with gnatic mesial occlusion.

16 compounds of the 3-alkoxycarbonyl-4-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2(1H)-ones series were resynthesized. The effect of the synthesized compounds on oxidative stress induced by a solution of hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli cell culture, strain "Ecolume" was evaluated. Four compounds exhibiting an antioxidant effect were identified, which is not inferior to the effect of the comparison drug trolox, and 12 compounds with a pro-oxidant effect. Studies using molecular docking have shown that the analyzed compounds inhibit superoxide dismutase by forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the ligand-superoxide dismutase complex, and are directed to the binding site using amino acid residues: aspartic acid 54B (ASP54B), serine 54F (SER54F), alanine 54G (ALA54G), glutamic acid 56 (GLU56), glycine 139 (GLY139) and arginine 141 (ARG141).

The relevance of this study is due to the need to study the pathogenesis, assess the dynamics of metabolic changes in fatty hepatosis and develop methods for their correction. The presented study analyzes the metabolic parameters of sialoglycoproteins in liver, stomach and small intestine homogenates of rats kept on a fructose-enriched diet, while using ademetionine as a hepatoprotector.

The development of hypoxic conditions in respiratory diseases may contribute to disease progression and deterioration of patients' condition. Determination of plasma concentration of hypoxia-induced factor (HIF) may reflect the body's adaptation to hypoxia and may have prognostic significance in assessing patient survival. The aim of the study was to study the possibility of using HIF-1a HIF-2a levels in blood plasma to monitor hypoxia in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. The study involved 112 patients divided into three groups: 1) 90 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia; 2) 10 patients, with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI); 3) 12 healthy volunteers. Body mass index (BMI), Charlson comorbidity index, respiratory rate-oxygenation index (ROX), lung computed tomography (CT) data were investigated. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) index were determined. Plasma concentrations of hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α), hypoxia-induced factor 2α (HIF-2α), vascular endothelial growth factor α (VEGF-A), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were examined. Plasma HIF-1α levels were significantly lower in healthy individuals compared with patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory infections. Concentrations of iNOS and NO in COVID-19 exceeded control values but did not differ from the acute respiratory tract infection group. Patients who were observed in the intensive care unit had lower HIF-1a, ROX index, and saturation at admission compared with patients treated in the specialized therapeutic department. By day 7, patients from the intensive care unit showed a significant increase in HIF-1a levels, which coincided with increased respiratory support. In the group of patients who did not require intensive care, an increase in HIF-2a levels and a decrease in inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, ferritin, PLR, NLR) were noted during the same period. The plasma levels of HIF-1α, iNOS and NO reflect adaptation to hypoxia in COVID-19. The increase in HIF-1α against the background of respiratory support may indicate intermittent hypoxia. The dynamics of HIF-1α (on admission) and HIF-2α (on day 7) helps to assess the adaptation to hypoxia conditions, which is important for the choice of respiratory therapy and prognosis.

The article presents the results of studying the issues of rational exploitation of sea buckthorn thickets to obtain high-quality raw materials. It has been established that it is advisable to harvest sea buckthorn leaves during the period of mass fruiting in late August – early September in dry weather. By hand, carefully plucking or cutting with scissors with the petiole or with part of the petiole developed leaves from the middle and lower tiers of the plant, leaving some of them so that the plants do not die. Other accidentally got parts of the plant are removed from the collected leaves. It is recommended to dry the raw materials using the air-shade method, laying out the leaves in a thin layer in a well-ventilated room or in the shade in the open air, and it is also possible to dry the raw materials in dryers with artificial heating at a temperature not exceeding 40 °C until the leaves are slightly brittle. The main quality standards for sea buckthorn leaves harvested in the Central Black Earth Region (using the Voronezh Region as an example) can be proposed in terms of the content of pharmacophoric groups of phenolic biologically active substances: flavonoids – at least 0.5%; tannins – at least 10% (in terms of tannin); leukoanthocyanin compounds – at least 1.5%. The result of the work was the introduction of instructions for collecting and drying sea buckthorn leaves into the scientific and production activities of the Botanical Garden named after Professor B.M. Kozo-Polyansky of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Voronezh State University”.

In the context of the digital transformation of the pharmaceutical industry, the development of specialized software tools is becoming a key factor in improving the quality of information exchange between pharmaceutical specialists and pharmacy customers. As a result, research has resulted in the development of software to optimize and standardize pharmaceutical consulting processes for dispensing medications, using sedatives as an example. The developed solution helps minimize errors, improve the quality of information and consulting services provided to the public, and ensure compliance with good pharmacy practice principles.