Vol 28, No 3 (2025): Опубликован 28.09.2025

The purpose of the study was to improve prosthetic dental treatment in the restoration of the anatomical and topographic relationship of the bone structures of the facial skeleton and soft tissues of the maxillofacial region in the period after surgical treatment and before the production of a permanent design using the production of modern designs of replacement prostheses.

In September 2024, a 32-year-old man came to the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov after surgical reconstruction of the maxillofacial region due to a gunshot wound.

To achieve this goal, removable temporary replacement forming prostheses were made, which allowed for significant correction of the prosthetic field, normalization of the structural relationships in the temporomandibular joints, restoration of the chewing function, and creation of an aesthetically acceptable optima of the patient's face.

As a result of the prosthetic treatment, the vestibule of the oral cavity was formed on the upper and lower jaws, which allowed for the creation of acceptable boundaries for the prosthetic field. The postoperative area was protected with the redistribution of the chewing load onto the installed implants, and the congruence of the articular surfaces of the TMJ was achieved. The hypertonicity on the side with the acquired defect was reduced by 19.2% for the masseter muscle and by 15.1% for the temporal muscle, and the chewing efficiency increased by 18.1%.

Conclusion: the use of temporary removable formative replacement structures during the period of implant osteointegration is a necessary step for this category of patients.

Modern implant dentistry is focused on improving the accuracy of transferring the three-dimensional position of dental implants, as this parameter largely determines the functional reliability and biomechanical stability of prosthetic constructions. One of the key factors influencing treatment outcomes is the choice of impression transfers. Analysis has shown that standard transfers, despite their universality and broad compatibility, provide acceptable results only in uncomplicated anatomical situations, whereas in complex clinical conditions the risk of reduced accuracy increases. In contrast, customized designs created using CAD/CAM technologies through additive manufacturing or high-precision milling demonstrate higher reproducibility and the ability to adapt to the specific patient. In this study, a comparison was carried out between the structural and functional characteristics of both types of transfers, and a digital library of individualized models was developed and integrated into CAD/CAM systems. Clinical testing confirmed the high accuracy and ease of use of customized designs, supporting the feasibility of their widespread implementation. The findings substantiate the advisability of employing digital libraries not only in clinical practice but also in educational programs, forming the basis for selecting the optimal transfer strategy depending on anatomical features and available technological resources.

When installing an implant immediately after tooth extraction, it is not always decided whether to load the temporary structure immediately. Due to the fear of losing primary stability and disrupting bone regeneration around the implant, they resort to the method of delayed loading, which leads to an increase in treatment time, additional economic costs, delayed rehabilitation and, consequently, a decrease in quality of life.

The purpose of the work is to carry out the predicted load with preliminary manufacturing and installation after simultaneous implantation of a conditionally removable prototype of an orthopedic structure previously used by the patient using digital assistants and intelligent systems. The study and treatment of 16 patients who applied to a dental clinic were conducted. To reduce the duration of permanent prosthetics for patients, surgical intervention was performed in the form of a single-stage implantation. The manufacture of a temporary conditionally removable orthopedic structure was carried out according to a protocol that includes a modern digital cycle of examination, planning, surgical intervention, manufacturing of a prosthesis in a CAD/CAM center and its installation within 72 hours in the oral cavity.

The use of computed tomography in the placement of miniscrew is an integral part of orthodontic treatment. At the moment, the most common places for the placement of miniscrew in orthodontic practice on the upper and lower jaw are: inter-root miniscrew, pterigo-maxillary, buccal shelf, zygomatic IZC, retromolar, in the area of the hard palate. We analyzed CT of 28 people aged 18-33. As a result, it was found that bone type D1 is less common in orthodontic practice, where mini-screws are required. Type D2 is more common in the anterior-upper or posterior-upper segment of the jaw. According to the Hounsfield scale, bone type D3 is more common in the anterior-upper or posterior-upper segment of the jaw or in the posterior-lower segment of the jaw, while bone type D4 is more common in the zygomatic bone. Based on these findings, we selected specific types of mini-screws and their placement locations.

Еye burns are most common among men of working age and can lead to a marked decrease in visual acuity. Corneal burns that occur under the influence of aggressive chemical factors that are part of household products and used in industry are more common. When exposed to alkali, a corneal colliquation burn occurs, oxidative stress in cells, and a decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes is observed. With thermal burns, coagulation necrosis develops. Currently, much attention is being paid to studying changes in the biochemical status of the cornea in burns, and new treatment methods are being sought. The use of the endogenous lactoferrin protein for the treatment of burn eye disease seems promising. Previously, we have proven the ability of lactoferrin to prevent the development of perforations in corneal burns and to positively influence the process of restoring its histological structure. In this study, the effects of lactoferrin on the cytokine and antioxidant status of the cornea in alkaline and thermal corneal burns were compared. 96 rabbits participated in damage modeling. The manipulations were performed under topical anesthesia. After reproducing experimental models of thermal and alkaline corneal burns, a Lactoferrin solution of 2,5 mg/ml, 1 drop 3 times a day, was instilled into the conjunctival cavity. The indicators in the group of thermal and alkaline burns were compared on 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28 a day.

Immobilization of glucoamylase on collagen may be promising for the development of drugs and coatings with enzymatic activity, including for wound cleaning and improving tissue regeneration. To study the structure of the collagen-glucoamylase complex, we used infrared spectroscopy (IR).

IR spectroscopy allows us to determine the participation of carboxyl, amine and aromatic groups in the formation of bonds between glucoamylase and collagen, reveals characteristic absorption bands corresponding to vibrations of amide groups (amide I and amide II), as well as stretching vibrations of NH and OH groups.

IR spectroscopy allows detailed analysis of the secondary structure of proteins, including α-helices, β-structures and disordered regions, as well as changes in the intensity of bands associated with the formation of new bonds.

The data obtained are necessary to identify the mechanisms of glucoamylase binding to collagen, help to assess the effect of immobilization on the conformation of the enzyme and the active center of the enzyme, the contribution of hydrogen bonds to the stabilization of the complex, which is extremely important for the development of stable and effective biocatalysts.