Vol 28, No 2 (2025): Опубликован 30.06.2025

The microcirculation system (MC) is the main link that provides metabolic homeostasis in organs and tissues. The state of the MC has a determinant importance in providing their trophics. Reduction of blood flow intensity in capillaries, along with local spasm of arteriolar vessels and congestion in venular link are early signs of capillary blood flow disorders. Changes in blood MC play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including chronic marginal periodontitis. One of the positive mechanisms of action of pulsed low-intensity magnetic field is improvement of microcirculation. The use of magnetotherapy in dental practice in patients with periodontal diseases can bring clinical effect, improvement of functional indices and prolongation of remission periods.

Tooth loss and the use of removable dentures significantly affect the oral health-related quality of life. There are comparatively few studies investigating oral health-related quality of life that include the patients’ sociodemographic data, denture satisfaction and related questions. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of adhesive cream and fixing pads on the timing of adaptation to removable complete dentures. 60 patients of both sexes aged 60 to 90 years with a diagnosis of complete secondary maxillary adentia were divided into 3 groups. In group 1, an adhesive cream was prescribed, and in group 2, fixing pads was prescribed, and patients of group 3 formed the control group. All patients were tested using OHIP-14 before the manufacture of a removable complete dentures, on the 14th and 33rd days after starting use of a removable complete dentures. According to the results of the study, it was found that the use of auxiliary means significantly reduces the period of adaptation to removable complete dentures. In this case, it is advisable to prescribe the use of fixing pads for the first 7-14 days, with the transition to the use of an adhesive cream thereafter.

An epidemiological study of the dental status of the adult population of Smolensk region was conducted within the framework of the project “Good to Village” in order to develop regional dental health programs.

The sample included 66 men and women (mean age 46.6±2.6 years) stratified into three age groups according to WHO criteria: the first group young age - 18-44 years (n=27), the second group middle age - 45-59 years (n=11), the third group old age - 60-74 years (n=28). The study design included a comprehensive assessment of dental status using clinical examination methods and autofluorescence dentoscopy. In the group of young age, the maximum frequency of dental caries and its complications was recorded - 77.8% (21/27), with an average value of the DMF index of 10.4±1.0. In 37% (10/27) of young people small defects of tooth rows were detected. In the middle-aged group, the DMF index reached 18.5±3.0. In the elderly group, 100% (28/28) of the people had partial and 32.1% (9/28) complete tooth loss. The DMF index was 21.6±1.9, exceeding the reference values. The autofluorescence stomatoscopy method revealed pathologic changes in the oral mucosa in 17.9% (5/28) of the elderly, including precancerous conditions. The OHI-S hygienic index ranged from 1.8 (satisfactory) in the second group to 2.7-2.8 (unsatisfactory) in the first and third groups. The obtained data demonstrate a pronounced age dynamics of dental pathology: high activity of carious process in the young age group (φ*=2.714, p<0.05) and progressive tooth loss in the older groups. There is inadequate prosthetic rehabilitation (67.9% of dental prostheses do not meet clinical requirements). The study confirms the necessity to develop regional programs of prevention and optimization of dental care taking into account age specifics and structure of pathology.

Bone atrophy of the jaw is a progressive pathological process characterized by loss of jaw bone tissue, reduction in the size of the alveolar crest and the jaw as a whole, and an increase in the volume of the maxillary sinuses. Externally, atrophy is manifested by a decrease in the lower third of the face, accompanied by physiological, morphological, functional and aesthetic disorders. This clinical case shows bone loss due to the long-term absence of teeth in the area of segment 2.4 - 2.5. The patient complained of unsatisfactory aesthetics and abrasion of the frontal group of teeth of the upper and lower jaws. After examination he underwent surgical, therapeutic and orthopedic dental treatment, which made it possible to restore the integrity of the dental rows, even distribution of chewing load, as well as to stop the process of bone atrophy in the area of segment 2.4 - 2.5. Timely restoration of the integrity of the dental system by means of prosthetics can significantly improve the patient's quality of life.

The work created sensors based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with the imprints of streptomycin sulfate (Strep). Its detection limit was 5.8 10-6 g/L. The obtained sensors have high selectivity to streptomycin sulfate in multicomponent mixtures. Sensors modified by MIP were tested in the determination of the antibiotic in milk. The results of determining streptomycin sulfate in liquids using an amperometric sensor and the HPLC method were compared.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prospects/likelihood/feasibility of in vitro endothelial-mesenchymal transition (endothelial-mesenchymal transition, EndMT) studies in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HUVEC) using specific concentrations and time of TGFβ1 expression.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on primary human umbilical vein endothelial cell culture HUVEC passage 3. Primary HUVEC cultures were cultured in ECGM culture medium for 3 days until a monolayer was formed, after which the nutrient medium was changed to serum-free DMEM F-12 medium for 3 hours. Then, HUVEC culture cells were incubated with recombinant human TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml) at 37°C for 72 hours. At the end of TGF-β1 exposure, the relative amounts of proteins characteristic of EndMT are obtained in cell lysates using Western blotting techniques: endothelial markers - cell adhesion molecules and platelets to endothelial cells-1 PECAM-1 (CD31) and von Willebrand factor (von Willebrand factor, vWF), as well as mesenic markers - fibronectin (fibronectin, FN), vimentin. (vimentin, VIM).

Results. The study found that exposure of the liver to TGF-β1 at a dose of 10 ng / ml for 3 days on the primary culture of HUVEC led to a significant decrease in the amount of CD31 by 45.4% and vWF by 34.3% compared to the control, confirmed by the services for confirming the loss of characteristic endothelial cell markers (r < 0.05). Exposure of primary HUVEC culture to TGF-β1 for 72 h significantly increased the relative amount of FN by 43.3% and VIM by 50.7% relative to the control (p<0.05), indicating the formation of endothelial cells with mesenchymal characteristics.

Conclusions. Exposure of primary HUVEC culture to human recombinant TGF-β1 in patients at 10 ng/ml for 3 days allows for reliable induction of EndMT in vitro, which is a statistically significant decrease in the relative amount of endothelial markers EndMT CD31 and vWF and a relative increase in the amount of mesenchymal markers FN and VIM in cultured cell lysates.

The acute toxicity and effect on a number of neuromuscular system parameters for five 4-(het)arylamides of aryl-2-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acids with pyrimidine fragments (PV-150, PV-210, PV-220 PV-310, PV-410) were studied using in silico and in vivo methods. It has been established that the substances belong to low-toxic compounds. The absence of a significant effect on muscle tone and improved coordination of movements in laboratory animals was revealed for 3 compounds, to a greater extent the prognosis in silico was realized for hetarylamide PV-410.

In this study, the free radical status and balance of anti-inflammatory/pro-inflammatory cytokines in corneal tissue with third-degree thermal and alkaline burns were analyzed. The work was performed on 42 rabbits. Manipulations were performed under topical anesthesia. Animals were euthanized on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after pathology modeling. Each time point included 3 rabbits, 6 eyes. Alkaline burns were caused by applying a filter paper disk soaked in 5% sodium hydroxide solution, and thermal burns were caused by touching with a heated stainless steel cylinder. After the burn, physiological saline was instilled into the conjunctival cavity. The level of TBA-active products, carbonyl derivatives of proteins, SOD activity, the level of TNF-1a, IL-10, IL-4, TGF-1β were assessed in the corneal tissue. Both types of burns were accompanied by the development of oxidative stress and activation of proinflammatory cytokines in the cornea, which confirms the need for similar approaches to treatment. At the same time, some differences were noted in the timing, levels of increase, as well as the rate of normalization of indicators when comparing thermal and chemical damage, which requires further study.

The aim of the study was the quantitative determination of inulin in the plant composition with hypoglycemic activity.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was a plant composition developed at the Department of Pharmacognosy with a course in botany and the basics of phytotherapy of the BSMU. Quantitative determination was carried out by the spectrophotometric method.

Results. Based on the results of the studies we selected the optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of inulin in an investigated plant composition.

Conclusions. We proposed an indicator of the quality of the plant composition - the content of inulin not less than 7%.

The purpose of the study is to study the chemical elemental composition of multicolored knotweed grass harvested in the Kursk region of the Central Chernozem region.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was a multicolored knotweed grass harvested during the phase of mass flowering of plants in the vicinity of the city of Kursk. The content of mineral elements was determined by the method of emission spectral analysis.

Results. The elemental composition of the multicolored knotweed grass has been determined for the first time. The content of 24 macro- and microelements (including 11 essential and 6 conditionally essential) has been established. The content of toxic elements in the plant does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration.

Conclusion. The presence of a rich elemental complex of vyazel underlines its therapeutic significance and can serve as a justification for the use of this species as a source of elements with important physiological activity.