Vol 28, No 1 (2025): Опубликован 28.03.2025

The fundamental factor of successful functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of a patient using dental implants is their full-fledged osseointegration, which is achieved by forming a stable connection between the implant surface and the surrounding bone tissue, the leading role in this is played by the structure of the dental implant surface. The aim of the study was a clinical and laboratory assessment of the morphological parameters of dental implants to increase the effectiveness of osseointegration. A comprehensive study of dental implants using high-tech research methods made it possible to detail the morphochemical features of the surface structure, to study the elemental composition of particles, which allows to conclude that the advantage of having a more rough morphological structure of the surface of a dental implant in the absence third-party particles on the surface of a titanium dental implant for its earlier osseointegration and long-term functioning.

Currently, there is an urgent need for accurate and quick determination of jaw parameters for subsequent orthodontic and orthopedic treatment. Classical methods of anthropometric diagnostics of jaw models are labor-intensive, as they imply separate measurement in the transversal, sagittal and vertical directions. Various methods of anthropometric diagnostics of the size of the dentition are considered. A new method for simultaneous measurement of jaw models in two mutually pendicular planes of patients with orthodontic anomalies is proposed and substantiated. The aim of the study was to optimize the measurement of jaw models using the new anthropometric device "TRIADA". A pilot study of the feasibility of using the anthropometric device "TRIADA" was carried out on 47 patients. It is revealed that the device allows simultaneous measurements of parameters in two mutually perpendicular planes. This method allows the necessary measurements to be carried out simultaneously in the sagittal and transversal directions, which reduces the time spent on diagnostics due to the color graduated scale and the absence of the need to transfer the obtained data to the measuring ruler. The study proved and substantiated the possibility of a one-stage two-dimensional measurement of the parameters of jaw models using the anthropometric apparatus "TRIADA".

Taking into account the demand by patients, the issues of improving the aesthetics of a smile with the use of veneers are becoming more and more relevant. The increased service life of veneers is to a certain extent due to the adhesive strength of composite cements. Materials and methods. Double-curing composite cements "Diamondbrite Multi Cure Composite cement", "Panavia F 2.0", "Totalcem", "Variolink Aesthetic DC", "Flowfix DUO", "Compofix", "Compofix + primer" were accepted for the assessment of adhesive strength. These cements were applied to the ends of cylinders made of zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide "Ext" 3D-PRO. Under the influence of light, the cements polymerized, and the resulting structures were loaded until they collapsed. Results. According to GOST R 56924-2016, sufficient AP was demonstrated by cements Totalcem - 17.39±1.09 MPa, Panavia F 2.0 - 19.03±1.44 MPa, Diamondbrite Multi Cure Composite cement - 20.55±0.78 MPa, and Flowfix DUO - 21.00±1.20 MPa. Statistical differences in AP in this group are unreliable. Compofix cements 37.10±2.50 MPa demonstrated high AP (statistical differences in AP between Flowfix DUO and Compofix are significant: (t – 5.81; p=0.000021), Variolink 37.70±2.21 MPa, Compofix+ Primer 41.78±2.78 MPa. Statistical differences in the AP index in the group of cements with high AP are unreliable. Discussion. It cannot be said that cements with high AP significantly increase the service life of veneers, since violations of the aesthetics of a smile are possible even with a firmly fixed veneer. An example of this can be situations with the formation of discoloritis due to the dissolution of fixing cement, the appearance of caries on the tooth surface not covered with veneer, and the subsequent change in the optical properties of the veneer in the projection of the tooth hard tissue dimensionalization. For this reason, the multicomponent concept of performance characteristics of double-cured composite cements requires further study.

We studied the treatment of chronic periodontitis in patients with oral dysbiosis. The aim of the work was to improve the efficiency of treatment of destructive forms of periodontitis in patients with oral dysbiosis with the help of immunocorregulating and probiotic therapy. 111 patients with chronic periodontitis were under observation. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the type of treatment: main group and comparison group, and from the degree of oral dysbiosis were formed 3 subgroups. Treatment in the comparison group was carried out according to the standard method, in the main group with the use of lysozyme containing rinse, ‘Bifiform complex’ and ‘Galavit’ depending on the degree of severity of oral dysbiosis. All patients were treated with temporary filling of root canals with hydroxyappatite, that was kneaded on 0.1% lysozyme solution. Application of the proposed complex increased the efficiency of treatment in this contingent of patients from 3.4 to 10.3 depending on the severity of oral dysbiosis.

The current problem of improving prosthetics methods for patients with low clinical crowns with non-removable orthopedic structures is considered.

Significant advantages of the vertical preparation technique have been identified, such as the lengthening of the tooth stump due to subgingival preparation, the possibility of distributing the chewing load over the entire surface of the prepared tooth, and minimal reduction of its own hard tissues, which help reduce complications in patients in this clinical situation.

As part of the study, a comprehensive assessment of the clinical effectiveness of vertical dissection techniques in the orthopedic treatment of patients with low clinical crowns with non-removable orthopedic structures was carried out. The study involved 49 patients (27 men and 22 women) aged 21 to 53 years with dental hard tissue defects with low clinical crown parts in the lateral sections of the upper and lower jaws, divided into the main (n=27) and control (n=22) groups. The follow-up period was 24 months.

The features of clinical and X-ray examination of patients are considered, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment are determined. A detailed treatment protocol is presented, including the stages of preparation, temporary prosthetics and the manufacture of permanent structures. Special attention is paid to the subgingival stage of the vertical preparation method and the formation of additional retention conditions.

Introduction. The article analyzes the problems associated with the treatment of apical periodontitis of single-root and multi-root teeth, burdened by the absence of apical constriction, periradicular destruction of bone tissue and internal root resorption. The frequency of treatment of patients due to the need for endodontic dental treatment with destructive periodontitis does not tend to decrease the Goal.

The search for a solution to the problem of endodontic dental treatment with destructive periodontitis in registered patents and scientific literature.

Materials and methods. Analysis of methods for the treatment of apical periodontitis, presented in three Russian patents and scientific literature, including the use of Lioplast spongiose, gutta-percha pin.

Results. All the considered methods have a number of disadvantages and cannot be recommended for widespread use in clinical practice in endodontic dental treatment with destructive periodontitis.

Conclusions. The necessity of developing new proprietary methods for the treatment of root canals of teeth, burdened by the absence of apical constriction, peri- radicular destruction of bone tissue and resorption, has been revealed.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of TGF-β1 and the activity of cathepsins in vascular wall homogenates in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities at different stages of the disease according to the CEAP classification. The concentration of TGF-β1 in the vascular wall homogenate was determined by sandwich ELISA on a StatFax 2100 enzyme immunoassay analyzer (microplatereader) (Awareness technology Inc. Palm City, FL 34990, USA). The results were expressed in pg/ml. The activity of cathepsins B, L and H in the vascular wall homogenate was determined using the Barrett and Kirschke spectrofluorimetric method on a Shimadzu RF 6000 spectrofluorimeter (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan). The results were expressed in nmol/hr×g of protein. Our study revealed changes in the concentration levels of TGF-β1 and the activity of captesins B, L, and H, which may indicate a violation of their regulation and be a central pathogenetic link in the remodeling of varicose veins of the lower extremities.

Endothelial cells are the inner lining of arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels. They play an important role in biochemical processes, providing tissue respiration and metabolism. Their metabolic rate depends on the speed of blood flow, due to the fact that they are located on the border between blood and tissues. In other words, hemodynamic factors determine the mechanisms of interaction of endotheliocytes with other cell types and affect the formation of the endothelial phenotype, the ability to express various sets of molecules, including cell adhesion, and biologically active substances such as nitric oxide. The purpose of the presented study was to study the difference in the concentration of adhesion molecules of P- and E-selectins, inducible and endothelial nitric oxide (II) synthases in arterial and venous pathology of the lower extremities. It was found that in arterial and venous pathology the concentration of endothelium-specific proteins in the blood serum changes: E-selectin and eNOS, as well as the concentration of P-selectin and iNOS. In arterial pathology, the concentration of P-selectin is 3,9 times lower, and E-selectin is 1,3 times lower compared to the control; in venous pathology P-selectin is 2,6 times lower, E-selectin is 1,12 times lower. In arterial pathology, the level of inducible NO synthase is in 2 times higher, and endothelial NO synthase is in 1,3 times higher compared to healthy people. At the same time, the level of two synthаses, providing synthesis оf NO in patients with venous pathology practically does not differ from donors.

In the presented scientific work, one of the most important issues of neurology and neurochemistry is discussed in the order of discussion and analysis, concerning the mechanisms of occurrence and formation of a stable pulsating headache in migraine. This nosology is a very urgent problem in all developed countries and is a real scourge of a considerable part of the population, especially for people of working age. In recent years, the so-called "serotonin" theory of this disease has attracted more and more attention. The latter is based on the key points for understanding the pathochemical aspects of migraine, primarily the manifestations of the biochemical activity of the hormone serotonin, its effects mediated through specific receptors and the cascade of chemical transformations realized by them in target cells, which underlies the biochemical signaling of this hormone. The latter manifests itself very ambiguously in various cells and tissues of the human body with the participation of a heterogeneous pool of biochemical intermediaries. In the treatment of migraine, the biochemical mechanisms of the pharmacodynamic effect of paracetamol are rather poorly studied at the molecular level, as described in this manuscript by our own arguments in the order of discussion.

The article presents the results of determining the total content of antioxidant substances in terms of ascorbic acid and the total antioxidant activity of horse chestnut flowers harvested in various regions of the Russian Federation, using the differential spectrophotometry method. The highest antioxidant activity values were observed in the raw materials harvested in the southern (Stavropol Krai (1,2136×10^-5 g/ml; 0,2042±0.0141%) and Volgograd Oblast (1,2051×10^-5 g/ml; 0,1998±0.0138%) and northern regions (Leningrad Oblast (1,1134×10^-5 g/ml; 0,1888±0,0130%)). The differences obtained may be due to the influence of climatic conditions on the biochemical composition of the studied raw materials. It was established that the actual concentration of vitamin C in chestnut flowers is relatively low, which suggests that the antioxidant effect is due not only to ascorbic acid, but also to a complex of other biologically active compounds. As part of the assessment of possible areas of use of horse chestnut flowers in pharmacy and medicine, It was established that in the infusion, as a potential medicinal form based on raw materials, the total content of substances that prevent oxidation, expressed in ascorbic acid equivalent, was 7,10 mg%. The study of the antioxidant activity of other possible medicinal forms (liquid and dry extracts) is a further prospect for developing the research topic.