Vol 27, No 3 (2024): Опубликован 27.09.2024

According to the data of epidemiological surveys, the prevalence and intensity of dental caries in children remains high [1-7], despite fundamental research into the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries and the development of the principles of preventive action on this basis [3, 4, 5, 6]. Taking into account the priority of the preventive direction in dentistry, further development of approaches to effective planning of therapeutic and preventive measures taking into account local and systemic risk factors for the development of dental diseases is required. The aim is to improve the efficiency of diagnostics and prediction of the risk of dental caries and periodontal diseases in adolescent children. Material and methods. A comprehensive dental and anthropometric examination of 60 children 12-15 years old, who were divided into 2 groups: with normal body weight (I) and overweight (II) was carried out. We determined the level of oral hygiene, the intensity of dental caries, the number of foci of demineralisation (FD) by the transillumination method, detected the presence and degree of inflammation of periodontal tissues, recorded the type of oral fluid microcrystallisation (OFM) and its biochemical parameters - concentration of lysozyme, malonic dialdehyde (MD), activity of catalase, urease, elastase. In all children anthropometric indices with determination of body mass index were recorded. Study results and discussion. The level of oral hygiene in overweight adolescents (II) was lower than in children with normal body weight (I). The intensity of dental caries was significantly higher - 1.5 times higher than in the comparison group. FDs in group II were more than 3 times more frequent than in group I. The correlation of inflammation indicators in oral fluid - MD concentration and elastase activity with periodontal tissue condition was revealed; catalase activity was reduced by 45% (II), urease activity was increased by 7.07 times, lysozyme activity was reduced by 2.6 times. Conclusions. The necessity of including anthropometric indicators of a child in the development of an individual programme for the prevention of major dental diseases has been determined

It is hypothesized to improve the quality and rate of restoration of bone structure after damage to the bones of the facial region using osteoplastic materials. A study of patients of two groups, divided by the types of defects of the alveolar crest and the degree of bone atrophy, was performed under the condition of using bone material Bioplast Dent deproteinized. The obtained radiological and histological data indicate successful bone tissue regeneration and subsequent osteointegration regardless of the type and volume of the bone defect. The difference in CSF readings in patients of the first and second groups indicates a difference between the structural and qualitative characteristics of bone tissue on the upper and lower jaws, but does not affect the obtained augmentation result. To achieve a stable result of augmentation on the upper jaw, an increase in the period of osteoregeneration by 2 months is required in comparison with the lower one before dental implantation.

The article discusses a possible solution to the problem of replacement treatment of occlusally significant defects in hard dental tissues at the stage of temporary prosthetics in terms of choosing an acrylic structural material for the manufacture of crowns in a special category of patients - with concomitant peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. The comprehensive study included two stages. The task of the first stage was to analyze the risk relationship of a negative result of prosthetics in the presence of these forms of chronic gastrointestinal pathology, and vice versa, the risk of its exacerbation when implementing temporary prosthetics. The objective of the second stage was to analyze the possibility of increasing the results of the temporary prosthetics stage in a thematic group of patients by replacing the “traditional” material for their production of artificial crowns -  in the form of the “standard” polymer methyl methacrylate (MMA) in its pure form -  by a highly filled nanohybrid composite material with a polymer matrix of an alternative composition - based on a combination of polymers bis-phenol A-diglycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The methodological basis of the study included 3 sequential groups of methods: 1) obtaining direct (particular) indicators - color, surface, marginal adaptation, anatomical shape, secondary caries or the condition of the stump of the abutment tooth, the phenomenon of macro- and microinflammation of the contact mucosa, deterioration of the course of prosthetics and concomitant gastrointestinal pathology, de-fixation (clinical examination, optical macro- and microscopy, cytological and macrohistochemical techniques, reflective spectrophotometry, non-contact optical profilometry, dental computed cone-beam tomography), fibrogastroduodenoscopy), 2) performing multi-criteria assessments of the quality of prosthetics and calculating its integral indicators for the complex direct (partial) indicators - system of criteria Ryge G. (1980), 3) statistical processing and analysis of the obtained (direct and calculated) indicators (calculation of the frequency of events in relative units, nonparametric variation statistics, analysis of contingency tables, comparison of observed and expected frequencies) . The results of both stages of the study were an effective solution to the objectives.

Polypeptide transporting organic anions (OATP1B1) is an influx transporter protein localized mainly in the liver and transporting xenobiotics and medicinal substances. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is one of the main transcription factors regulating the expression of OATP1B1. Nitric oxide is an important signaling molecule, but its effect on the transporter protein has not been studied. The aim is to study the effect of the NO – S-nitrosoglutathione donor on OATP1B1 and the role of FXR in this process. The study was conducted on cells of the HepG2 line. During the experiment, it was found that S-nitrosoglutationin concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 μМ (72 h) has no cytotoxic effect, causes an increase in the level of nitric oxide (II) metabolites and causes an increase in the relative amount of OATP1B1, which is suppressed by inhibition of FXR by tauro-β-cholic acid. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate the inducing effect of the nitric oxide (II) donor – S-nitrosoglutathione (10, 50, 100 μМ) on the relative amount of OATP1B1, whose participation is mediated by the farnesoid X receptor.