Vol 27, No 2 (2024): Опубликован 28.06.2024

Gingivitis is one of the most common complications in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Since various types of alloys are used during orthodontic treatment, it becomes necessary to search for the relationship between the type of metal used, the degree of gum damage and an effective anti-inflammatory agent that does not cause dysbiosis of the oral cavity.

The object of the study is patients undergoing orthodontic treatment aged 25 to 35 years without general somatic pathology. The patients were divided into 2 groups. In group A, orthodontic arches made of nickel-titanium alloy were used. In group B, medical steel arcs. In subgroups A1, B1, the antiseptic chlorhexidine bigluconate 0.05% was used, and in subgroups A2 and B2, a gel with bacteriophages "Phagodent" was used.

Research methods: survey, examination, study of medical documentation, application of indices for determining plaque Silness-Loe, PMA, perhydrol sample and Schiller-Pisarev.

Examinations of patients were carried out on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th days from the start of therapy. As a result of the study, it was found that the accumulation of plaque and the degree of gingival inflammation were higher in patients with arches made of nickel and titanium alloy than from medical steel due to their pronounced roughness and the presence of many retention areas of the oral cavity.

As a result of the study, it was found that in patients who received complex treatment with the use of Phagodent gel, the inflammatory process in the gum was eliminated in subgroup B2 on day 9, and in subgroup A2 on day 12. Whereas in subgroup A1, the index indicators did not reach the norm, and in subgroup B 1, the index indicators returned to normal on day 12.

The demographic transition characteristic of many countries of the world, including Russia, has led to a significant increase in the share of the population of people over 60 years old [1].

The coming era of systemic diseases related to oral health is likely to change the future of diagnostics in dental geriatrics, treatment methods and occupational therapy in clinical disciplines. The main source leading to tooth extraction in older age groups is periapical processes [2, 3].

Against the background of reduced tissue regeneration and the existing concomitant somatic pathology is often aggravated by the postoperative period, therefore, the need for surgical correction of treatment increases when providing dental care to elderly patients. [4]

The purpose of the study is to determine the need for surgical dental care for elderly and senile people in the city of Rostov-on-Don.

The results of the study: In the structure of removals, the proportion of elderly and senile patients of the GBU RO "SP" in the city of Rostov-on-Don — in 2022. 39.53% (+3.44%) compared with 2020. - 36.97%. In the group of elderly and senile people (60-90 years old), on average, the elderly age prevails 2.7 times — 60-74 years. The difference in the structure of removals by nosology in the elderly (60-74 years old) and senile (75-90 years old) groups It was 89.17 — 91.05% for diseases of periapical tissues in the elderly group, 88.25—90.74% in the senile group, almost at the same level.

Conclusions: Given the growth in the provision of surgical dental care to the elderly and senile, it is necessary to create gerontostomatology departments, offices at state dental clinics.

In the treatment of discolorites, as evidenced by a number of authors, composites do not cope with the tasks assigned to them in all clinical situations, especially with a significant change in the color of enamel and dentin (inadequate endodontic treatment in history, acute mechanical trauma, congenital pathologies). In addition, the existing methods of treating discolorites are not universal, there is no clearly developed algorithm for choosing a treatment method.

of undoubted interest is the possibility of aerographic application of a composite of increased package on the surface of teeth with solid tissues changed in colour directly in the patient's oral cavity. This method is called dentography.

Currently, due to the adverse effects of risk factors against the backdrop of deteriorating public health, statistical data indicate an increase in cases of diseases of the oral mucosa (SOPR). Lichen planus manifests itself at any age, but most cases are in the age group of 30-60 years and in women twice as often as men. In modern literature, various theories of the development of CPL can be traced, such as viral, neurogenic, hereditary, intoxication and immunoallergic. CPL is often combined with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc. Provoking factors can be stress, chemical drugs, including medications, and trauma to the oral mucosa. The disease has a long course of 5 to 40 years with a relapse rate of 1 to 5 times a year. Treatment of this group of patients is carried out by doctors of various profiles. At the present stage, the clinical issues and therapy of CPL have been covered quite comprehensively and comprehensively, including pharmacological, surgical and physiotherapeutic methods of treatment. In the complex treatment of patients with oral cavity CPL, the importance of the quality of orthopedic (prosthetic) treatment is also noted.

Despite this, the provision of orthopedic dental care to patients with tooth loss and concomitant chronic diseases of the oral mucosa (SOPR) still remains insufficiently effective. This leads to deterioration in dental health and a decrease in the quality of life of patients. It is often not possible to achieve a long-term therapeutic effect, especially when using removable denture structures (in the absence of the possibility of fixed prosthetics or implant-supported prosthetics), due to the occurrence of various complications associated with the impact of the orthopedic structure itself and the material of its manufacture. In this regard, the role of diagnosis and prevention of complications is increasing in order to prevent relapse of the mucous membranes disease and accelerate the process of adaptation to the removable prosthesis design. Therefore, it is relevant to develop a comprehensive prevention of complications during the period of remission, taking into account the reasonable choice of structural material, methods of manufacturing the prosthesis, its hygiene, and means of influencing the mucous membranes, increasing its resistance.

Probe microscopy was used to determine the surface structure of molecular imprinted polymer (MPR) films, allowing to evaluate the relief and pore composition of objects with nanometer resolution. A comparison was made between CMR and unimprinted polymer. Differences in the morphology of the obtained films have been established, which indicates a rearrangement of the polymer structure during synthesis, leading to an increase in the number of micropores in which the sorption of target substances mainly occurs. The studies carried out will help to further explain in more detail the sorption processes on polymers with molecular fingerprints.

A mixture of amino acids valine and isoleucine was separated in a TFE cartridge filled with a polymer with molecular imprints (PMO-isoleucine). The concentration of amino acids in the initial mixture was 0.05 mol/dm3 isoleucine and 0.1 mol/dm3 valine. The determination of amino acids in the eluate was carried out by TLC method. After passing a mixture of valine and isoleucine through the cartridge, 0.015±0.010 mol/dm3 of isoleucine and 0.092±0.010 mol/dm3 of valine were detected in the first portion of the eluate. In the second portion of the eluate collected after subsequent rinsing of the cartridge with distilled water, 0.043±0.010 mol/dm3 of isoleucine was detected. Thus, the degree of isoleucine extraction was 70%.

The article examines the effect on human health of some ecotoxicants, pollutants and contaminants, which are united by the property of endocrine disruptors to provoke obesity. These substances are obesogens, due to the anthropogenic impact on the environment, have become widespread. The urgent task of ensuring the control of desogens in the environment is discussed. Chromatographic methods are the most appropriate for this purpose.

The purpose of the study was to study the elemental composition of the herb Astragalus dasyаnthus and the dependence of this indicator on the phase of ontogenesis.

Material and methods. The object of the study was the herb Astragalus dasyаnthus, harvested during the phases of budding, mass flowering of the plant and fruiting. To establish the elemental composition, the method of optical emission spectrometry was used.

Results. The analysis showed that the herb Astragalus dasyаnthus contains a whole complex of mineral elements (37 macro- and microelements). At the same time, vital elements that play an important role in the process of biosynthesis of metabolic products are contained in sufficient quantities, and the content of toxic elements in the plant does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. The results of the studies indicate the therapeutic significance of the plant and the possibility of further use of the herb Astragalus dasyаnthus to create complex herbal preparations.

Conclusion. The highest content of microelements in the plant under study is observed in the phase of mass flowering and fruiting, therefore, it is more advisable to harvest the herb Astragalus dasyаnthus in order to isolate the complex of microelements in the phase of mass flowering.

Vitamin C is one of the most important vitamins, which, along with other beneficial properties, has antioxidant activity and takes part in the prevention and treatment of viral and colds, including Covid-19, which is recognized as the most significant pandemic in recent years. Its supply from food in the modern world is limited, and the pharmaceutical industry offers a large selection of drugs containing ascorbic acid. Natural preparations, as a rule, are produced on the basis of rose hips, and obtaining extracts from it with the highest yield of vitamin C is an important task both for manufacturers and for the population making infusions and decoctions at home. However, the extraction mode can significantly affect the yield of vitamin C. To determine the optimal extraction mode, a comparative analysis of literature data was carried out and it was shown that a significant influence is exerted by: temperature, grinding, separation of shells from nuts, preheating of the thermos, time and loading. Of these, only two (grinding and temperature 90°C) clearly led to an increase in the yield of ascorbic acid. The influence of other parameters was controversial, as it was studied under different conditions, and required additional research. Our experiments have shown that the optimal mode for effective extraction of vitamin C with the possibility of using it at home is thermos infusion of crushed rose hips in a ratio of 1:40 (raw materials: water) at 90°C. The preparation time for the extract depends on how completely the thermos is filled: when filling a third - 3-4 hours, when filling completely - 1 hour.