Vol 24, No 1 (2021)

The purpose of our study was to elucidate the pathomorphological features of lesions in the rat’s periodontal complex with lipopolysaccharide endotoxin of gram-negative microflora. The experiments were carried out on male white rats. To simulate periodontitis, the animals were injected with E. Coli lipopolysaccharide, prepared histological sections, which, after preliminary decalcification, were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The sampling of material for electron microscopic studies was carried out according to the generally accepted technique. Ultrathin sections made on an LKB-3 ultramicrotome were stained with a 1% aqueous solution of uranyl acetate, contrasted with lead citrate according to the Reynolds method, and studied under an electron microscope. The histological studies carried out revealed pronounced changes in the inflammatory nature of all constituent components. Microscopically, signs of gingival hyperkeratosis were found in the epithelial lamina, the basal layer contained predominantly pyknotic cells, and rarely mitotic figures. The thickness of the spinous layer decreased. Thinning of the epithelial lamina was noted in the areas of the furrow and attachment. Disruption of the epithelial attachment and the fibers of the circular connection led to the formation of a periodontal pocket, in which detrital masses, desquamated epithelial cells and leukocytes were found. There was a violation of the mineralization of the dental alveoli, focal lacunar resorption was determined. The periosteum was hyperplastic with proliferation of young osteoblasts. Submicroscopic studies of the structural components of the periodontal complex of animals with experimental periodontitis also revealed an increase in destructive changes. The zones of collagen fiber stratification, edema of the amorphous component of loose connective tissue were determined. Fragmented bundles of collagen fibers and amorphous intercellular substance of connective tissue were localized around the fibrocytes.

The information on advantages and difficulties of using dental crowns made of zirconia is summarized. To date, special diamond zirconium diamond borings have been developed to solve the problem of mechanical impact on synterized zircon. Due to their rather high cost, most dentists prefer to use standard diamond borings, neglecting minor shortcomings as processing. The purpose is to identify processes occurring on the working surface of boron and the surface of the orthopedic structure. It was found that the morphology of ceramic samples based on zirconia changes during mechanical action and depends on the type of boron used and the multiplicity of its use. Specialized Z-Rex series diamond boards withstand up to five cycles of application while maintaining operability. Boras with galvanoplastic fixation of the abrasive come into complete disrepair for the fifth use. The loss of the diamond layer of single-layer galvanic boron cannot be reliably controlled by the doctor during the operation, which makes it extremely risky.

The article presents data of the original research on the development and empirical verification of an improved program of anti-inflammatory provision of dental interventions accompanied by trauma to the tissues of the dentoalveolar sphere and the oral cavity on a model example of surgical removal of a dystopic / impacted mandibular third molar. It was found that all topical patients who received anti-inflammatory support within the so-called «traditional approach» symptoms of local post-traumatic inflammation were highly pronounced. The scientific hypothesis of the study was that pre-emptive intravenous bolus administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds - immediately before local anesthesia and subsequent dental intervention - leads to a fundamental reduction or prevention of local inflammatory manifestations. In fact, in the conditions of application of the developed program, just such results were obtained, while having a high level of statistical significance of differences in comparison with the «traditional approach», which was a confirmation of the scientific hypothesis put forward. The high availability of use, the statistical and clinical-pathogenetic significance of the results obtained allow us to recommend the developed program of anti-inflammatory support for implementation in the practice of dental health care.

The number of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases is growing daily. This is a prerequisite for the constant search for new drugs to treat these conditions. In most cases, modern drugs for the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases include substances that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, deodorizing, antiseptic, analgesic properties. Insufficient therapeutic effect, chronization of the process, as well as the progression of the disease certainly increases the relevance of the search for a new drug for the prevention and treatment of these conditions.

Clinical features of the course of red flat deprivation (CPL) localized on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity are characterized by a chronic course, high resistance to therapy, and the possibility of transition to malignant forms. CPL is a visible cosmetic drawback, the probability of transition to malignant forms leads to the development of anxiety, defensiveness, social maladaptation in patients. The aim of the study is to study the psychoemotional state of patients with severe forms of CPL, to develop schemes for optimizing therapy regimens. Severe forms of CPL have been found to be characterized by a progressive increase in anxiety rates. Evaluation of the psychoemotional factor in such patients is necessary, in order to correct the increased level of anxiety, it is advisable to prescribe psychotropic (sedative) pharmacological drugs as part of integrated therapy.

Тема успешности эндодонтических вмешательств уже долгие годы не сходит со страниц стоматологической прессы. И чаще всего речь при этом идет либо о новых методиках лечения, либо о появлении новых материалов для обтурации корневых каналов и инструментария для их прохождения. Однако значительно реже в этом аспекте звучит тема важности специализированного профессионального образования врачей-эндодонтистов. Поговорить на эту тему с представителем ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко согласился известный во всем мире Игорь Цесис - профессор, заведующий кафедрой эндодонтии Университета Тель-Авива, автор нескольких учебников, получивших широкое признание, и множества статей в престижных международных журналах. Итак, каково реальное положение дел в эндодонтии сегодня? Что можно сделать, чтобы увеличить процент успеха эндодонтических вмешательств? Нужно ли врачам продолжительное постдипломное образование? Есть ли практический смысл в посещении лекций и мастер-классов? Об этом и многом другом рассказывает наш гость Игорь Цесис...