Vol 23, No 1 (2020)

The article deals with the issue of domestic violence as a factor of satisfaction with marriage. The relevance of the issue of domestic violence in modern society and the influence of this factor on women's satisfaction with marriage are traced. Violence in the family does not go unnoticed, it has consequences for all family members, and to a greater extent destroys the quality of life and satisfaction with marriage of the woman who is subjected to violence. Most experts define satisfaction with marriage as an internal subjective assessment, the attitude of spouses to their own marriage. The article presents the concepts of domestic violence and marital satisfaction. The results of a study of marriage satisfaction of women with and without domestic violence are discussed. In our study, we tracked the phenomenon of domestic violence as a factor of satisfaction with marriage and satisfaction of basic needs in marriage for women. The relevance of this study was to study the differences in the degree of satisfaction of women in marriage who had a history of domestic violence and women who did not have a history of domestic violence. Satisfaction with marriage is a woman's subjective assessment of the relationship in marriage. Emotional stability between spouses is important, and perhaps paramount, for marital satisfaction. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that women who have a history of domestic violence are the least satisfied with marriage. The greatest dissatisfaction is found with regard to the need for security and social needs.

This article discusses the use of such a method of treatment of borderline patients as a schema-therapy. With regard to client data, Aaron Beck's cognitive therapy, which works well with depressive and anxiety disorders, is not very effective. Such patients do not perform homework, are ambivalently attuned to therapy and need special alignment of the therapeutic relationship. They respond to offers of cooperation from the therapist with passivity, helplessness, in some cases aggression, and also expect the therapist to do all the work for them. When the therapist invites these patients to change their minds and try new behaviors, they feel misunderstood. Schema-therapy is a new version of cognitive therapy. It began to pay attention to the early maladaptive patterns of patients, their reactions and relationships, in which the therapist surrounds the wounded "child part" of the patient with special care. Such people, unbeknownst to themselves, find themselves in similar situations and behave not quite adaptively. It's all about activating dysfunctional modes and circuits. Scheme - a complex of rigid emotional representations of oneself and reality, formed in early childhood and come to life in a stressful situation. In childhood, such behavior could be regarded as adaptive, but activation of such schemes at a more mature age leads to maladaptation of a person. Modes are parts of the patient’s personality. The goal of treatment regimen is to weaken dysfunctional regimes and maladaptive regimens and strengthen functional ones. This article lists the main pathological patterns and modes of patients in the Department. The prevalence of modes and patterns depending on gender is reflected. Assumptions are made about which specific dysfunctional regimens and schems can impede treatment and prolong hospitalization.

CADASIL syndrome (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical heart attacks and leukoencephalopathy) - common genetic disease caused by a gene mutation Notch 3 on the 19th chromosome (locus 19 p 13.1), a feature of this pathology is the defeat of white matter near the temporal horns of the lateral ventricles and external capsules. For the first time, this pathology was described as an independent nosological form in 1993 as a heditary disease of small cerebral vessels, which manifests itself clinically in middle-aged people and leads to disability and dementia. An important role in the development of CADASIL, as well as other diseases, is played by concomitant acquired diseases and environmental factors. Probability of CADASIL's earlier clinical debut and its galloping progression is directly related to the presence of risk factors for myocardial infarction and stroke in a patient. Unfortunately, it is rather difficult to diagnose this pathology, since this is due to the subclinical course of CADASIL up to 40 years old, the polymorphism of its symptoms, and similarity with other vascular diseases. This very serious neurological pathology can be suspected on the basis of neuroimaging data, clinical presentation and genetic analysis. To date, there are no methods and methods for pathogenetically substantiated treatment that slows down the progression of the disease. It should be noted that the identification of patients probably depends on the awareness of the doctors, which affects the data on the incidence. The article provides an analysis of the clinical case with probable CADASIL.

The article reports about the analysis of literary data on social anxiety, comorbid with eating disorders among young people, in particular students of medical universities. In the text was emphasized the importance of mental well-being among students in higher education institutions. It was established that nervous and mental diseases prevail over other diseases among students. Also, in the article is mentioned the formation of eating disorders as dysfunctional compensation of primary social anxiety, arising due to permanent monitoring of evaluation of others, cycle on themselves. The text mentions that the fear of evaluation (both positive and negative) is directly related to dysmorphomania, dissatisfaction with appearence, overweight, which is especially relevant for young people due to strict standards of beauty in modern society. Also, according to the analysed literature, it is pointed out, that symptoms of social anxiety disorder tend to precede the development of eating disorders and are a risk factor for the development of food disorders. The article describes pathological mechanisms to compensate for fear of assessment in the form of excessive food consumption (bulimia) or overcontrol. Moreover, in the text are considered cognitive-behavioral patterns (persistent features of cognitive processes of personality) arising from comorbidity of social anxiety disorder and eating disorders. The article also mentions the trends of increasing frequency of mental disorders among students of medical universities, in particular anxiety, depression, eating disorders due to changed conditions of cultural and household environment, rapid, accelerating scientific and technological progress, high emotional loads, stresses, reforms in education in higher school. The text also covers correlations between fear of negative and positive assessment and formation of eating disorders and anxiety.

The article analyzes "interference" in establishing emotional contacts and the level of social frustration of the 1st year students of medical university in the 2nd semester. It has been shown that women, unlike men, are more prone to disorganizing emotional reactions and states. Among the specific "interference" in establishing emotional contact in the general group of students among men in the first place (27.6%) there is inflexibility, underdevelopment, inexpressiveness of emotions, while women are dominated by inadequate expression of emotions (25.2%). In the screening study of social frustration in women, high levels of satisfaction (lack of social frustration) were found, while in men the response was "rather satisfied" indicating that social frustration was not clearly declared. These results showed a sufficient level of social adaptation for the 1st year students in the 2nd semester. In order to prevent the consequences of disorganizing emotional conditions, medical students in the 1st year were asked to carry out medical and psychological prevention with the maximum approximation of psychological assistance to the student environment. In addition, it is proposed to carry out active work on the introduction into everyday life of students activities aimed at leading a healthy lifestyle, as well as activities aimed at improving interpersonal communication, the formation of humanistic values, empathic abilities and social life skills in the group and the medical team as a whole. Such activities should meet not only the tasks of theoretical training of students on these issues, but also have a practical application in the student environment, contributing to the humanistic interaction of teachers and students.

Benchmarking study of psychopathologic disorders signs severity among adults and teenagers addicted to the most frequent psychoactive substances such as: heroin, amphetamine, cannabis, synthetic drugs, alcohol. Psychic disorders comorbidity among drug users of single shot of multidirectional psychoactive substances able to inhibit and depress CNS. The mortality rate among drug addicts is rising. 90% of them are ill with hepatitis, and ¾ with AIDS. The situation with death of drug use is very severe in Russia. In this respect we are ahead of developed European countries. Annually tens of thousands of people die because of drug abuse in Russia, most of them are young.

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a consequence of the progression of all cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Moreover, in the development of many diseases, psychosocial factors are of great importance, emphasizing the relevance of the role of cognitive impairment (CN) during CHF. Therefore, the presence in patients with CHF of CN leads to the fact that patients are not able to follow the doctor’s recommendations, violate the treatment regimen recommended by the doctor, which in turn leads to an aggravation of the clinical course of the disease. Laser therapy has long been widely used in almost all areas of medicine. Low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) stimulates the biochemical and physiological reactions that arise as a result of the primary effects not only in tissues, organs, but also in the body and contribute to its restoration. LILR is a non-specific factor, the effect of which is not directed against the causative agent of the disease and clinical manifestations of the disease, but on increasing the body's resistance. LILR acts at the body level only as a therapeutic agent. Laser light eliminates the imbalance in the central nervous system (CNS), which disrupts the sanogenetic function of the brain (GM). As a result of the LILR action, the regression of pathological processes, physiological reactions come back to normal and, as a result, the regulatory functions of the central nervous system are restored. LILR with adequate and timely use allows you to restore disturbed system balance. This article describes in detail the clinical case of a patient with heart failure and heart failure who underwent complex treatment using LILR.

The article discusses some psychological aspects of the learning process in a medical university. Among the most diverse psychological components that can influence the learning process in a university, “stress” is especially distinguished. Stress is able to negatively affect not only the students' current performance, but also reduce the general interest in mastering the specialty. The aim of the work was an attempt to find out the severity of stress among students of the 5th year of the Faculty of Medicine, as well as ways to deal with it. The objects of the study were 200 students, who were divided into 2 groups depending on gender (100 people each). Subsequently, the subjects were asked to answer a number of questions of a specially designed questionnaire. Some of the questions dealt with aspects of the occurrence of stress, and some of the questions dealt with how students struggle with it. It was found that almost all students periodically experience stress. However, the vast majority of students experience only periodic stress and only a small part is constant. A certain pattern of increased stress during the periods of the session was also noted. Among the ways to deal with stress, many students turn to the family, their hobby, or the Internet. At the same time, it should be noted that a small part of students resort to alcohol and smoking, as attempts to relieve stress. The article is of particular interest for teachers of higher education engaged in the educational process with students of different courses.