Vol 24, No 3 (2023): Научно-медицинский вестник Центрального Черноземья

The management of the pharmacy organization is based on the competent management of the main business processes, among which the leading position is occupied by assortment planning. Many pharmaceutical workers form the structure and volume of the assortment based on the indicators of the previous period by averaging. This approach does not take into account the dynamism of the market of medicines: seasonal fluctuations in demand, changes in legislation, marketing activity of manufacturers and consumer preferences depending on it, as well as other factors. The use of a systematic approach in the formation of the assortment of pharmacy by the method of two-factor ABC- and XYZ-analysis allows you to quickly and flexibly respond to the most significant changes in the pharmaceutical market, contributing to the maintenance of liquidity, profitability and efficiency of the pharmacy. This method of analysis is applicable to various pharmacotherapeutic groups.

Urinary tract infection is the most common disease in urological practice. The growth of antibiotic resistance in general and in urological practice in particular determines the need to develop methods for determining the risks of the presence of microflora resistance to antimicrobial drugs. The article discusses the existing methods for predicting the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, as well as the risk factor for antibiotic resistance developed by the author in community-acquired urinary tract infections. This indicator takes into account the individual characteristics and clinical and laboratory data of the patient with urinary tract infections that occur against the background of urolithiasis.

Experimental study of pain helps to understand its mechanisms, features and physiological manifestations, which is essential for physiology, practical biomedicine and pharmacology.

The new derivatives of di- and tetrahydropyridines synthesized in the research laboratory "Chemex" on the basis of Lugansk State University named after Vladimir Dahl were subjected to virtual bioscreening using the Swiss Target Prediction software package. Biological screening conducted in vivo, in a thermal tail immersion test on white rats, for new, partially hydrogenated pyridines, derivatives of α-cyanothioacetamide, showed the presence of the most pronounced analgesic activity (with intra-gastric using at a dose of 5 mg / kg of body weight of a laboratory animal) in four compounds with laboratory ciphers cv-091, cv-095, cv-099, cv-142.

The main morbidity and mortality in the world is associated with pathologies of non-infectious origin, most of which are accounted for by diseases of the cardiovascular system. For the purpose of screening, a rating scale is currently used - SCORE. In 2021, the forecasting model was improved - the SCORE2 rating scale was released, which allows you to predict the risk of complications at an early stage using additional criteria. The purpose of the study: analysis of the risk assessment of cardiovascular events using the SCORE / SCORE - 2 scales. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 140 patients' medical records was carried out. The inclusion criterion was the age of more than 40 years, the absence of concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Results. There were significant differences in Score (Men=9.5 points, Interwomen=3 points, p<0.001) and SCORE2 (Men=22 points, Interwomen=18 points, p=0.049) between men and women aged 50 to 70 years old. When calculating, it turned out that most patients are at moderate risk of cardiovascular complications according to the SCORE scale, at very high risk according to the updated SCORE2 algorithm. Conclusion. In the course of comparing the 10-year risk of cardiovascular events calculated using the new SCORE2 algorithm, significant differences with the SCORE scale in digital values were revealed. All smokers, regardless of age and gender, were at very high risk, which absolutely increases the risk of complications.

Relevance. Tuberous sclerosis is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, characterized by the presence of benign tumors in various organs, a progressive course leading to disability and a decrease in life expectancy.

Clinical case. The pregnant's MRI of the brain revealed the presence of tubercles in the area of the cerebral cortex. At the time of 34 weeks of pregnancy, the presence of endocardial nodular formations in the fetus was revealed prenatally. MRI of the fetal brain showed the presence of a subependimal node in the area of the basal nuclei on the left. Postnatally: MRI-picture of multiple cortical-subcortical tubers, subependimal nodes, ECHO-CG-picture of multiple formations in the cavities of the heart. DNA diagnostics: the extended deletion of the TSC2 gene was determined.

Discussion. During ultrasound of the 3rd screening of the fetus, large endocardium formations were found, which made it possible to suspect tuberous sclerosis. During the examination of the newborn, the diagnostic assumptions identified prenatally were confirmed. Since tuberous sclerosis has an autosomal dominant type of inheritance, it can be assumed that the pregnant has a high probability of having the same diagnosis.

Conclusion. An integrated approach to the diagnosis of this disease allows you to pay attention to the patient in a timely manner and choose the appropriate treatment tactics.

One of the most common respiratory pathologies in infants born prematurely is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Pulmonary hypertension is considered a formidable and difficult to diagnose complication of BPD. Maintaining the proper level of oxygen saturation is an integral part of nursing such patients. To diagnose respiratory pauses and episodes of desaturation during sleep, children undergo cardiorespiratory monitoring (KRM) aimed at recording episodes of apnea and hypopnea. The article discusses a clinical case of cardiorespiratory monitoring during sleep in a hospital and outpatient setting to monitor additional oxygen therapy in a premature baby suffering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia and BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension.

Gestational diabetes mellitus is closely associated with the risk of obstetric and neonatal complications, which may be due to higher birth weight in the child, and is also increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases in expectant mothers and their children. An increase in the number of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and also has an adverse effect on the physical development of the fetus, and may also adversely affect the course of early adaptation. The object of the study are newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus. The study includes an analysis of the developmental histories of 70 newborns from mothers with GDM, who were under observation in the Perinatal Center of the city of Voronezh. Most children from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus have normal indicators of physical development, which can be explained by the improvement and change in approaches to the diagnosis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders during pregnancy and the effectiveness of the therapy during pregnancy.

The development of sequencing technology indicates a key regulatory role for the gut microbiota in several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. The microbiota-gut-brain axis refers to the bi-directional communication between the gut and the brain and regulates gut and central nervous system homeostasis through neural networks, neuroendocrine, immune and inflammatory pathways. The present review discusses the relationship between the gut microbiota and epilepsy, possible pathogenic mechanisms of epilepsy in terms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and alternative therapies targeting the gut microbiota. A better understanding of the role of the microbiota in the gut–brain axis will help investigate the mechanism, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of intractable epilepsy.