Vol 24, No 1 (2023): Опубликован 29.03.2023

Articles

ROLE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING IN ALMATY MULTIDISCIPLINARY HOSPITAL

Zinbay F.A., Nuralim M.N., Dyussengaliyeva S.T.

Abstract

Microbiological monitoring is the most important component of the epidemiological safety of the medical and diagnostic process, an integral part of the process of providing epidemiological surveillance for infections associated with the provision of medical care [1].

Purpose. Determine the effectiveness of microbiological monitoring of patients, study the microbiological spectrum and resistance of microflora to antibiotics with the study of the antibiotic graph.

Materials and methods. Data on antimicrobial sensitivity of microorganism strains isolated from the wound compartment (55 patients) and sputum (258 patients) were retrospectively analyzed. The microbial landscape was studied, based on the results of records in disease histories for six months (October 2021 - April 2022). Microbiological studies were performed on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Almaty according to the approved regulatory documents [5]. Results. Thus, the results of our study showed a high percentage of excretion of gram-positive flora in sputum and wound separation. In most cases, microflora was sensitive to moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and gentamicin with different degrees of severity. There was a difference in the resistance of the sputum flora to erythromycin, and the microflora of the wound secretible to oxacillin. This indicates the need to make changes in the tactics of administering and treating these patients in accordance with the principles of rational use of antimicrobials [6].

Conclusion. Rational antimicrobial therapy can be carried out with timely and guaranteed receipt of information on the sensitivity of microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs. The spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in medical organizations significantly reduces the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy and is associated with the threat of the spread of ubiquitous strains. Targeted observations of the resistance of infectious agents to these drugs represent one of the effective ways to prevent antibiotic resistance [1].

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):6-10
pages 6-10 views

ANALYSIS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET FOR HERBAL SEDATIVE DRUGS

Afanasyeva T.G., Kushnir A.Y.

Abstract

In the conditions of the metropolis, due to the current difficult economic situation in the country, alarming conditions are widespread among the population. On average, roughly a third of neurological patients are thought to have anxiety. Phytotherapy is one of the safest and most common treatment options.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):11-16
pages 11-16 views

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY FOR COVID-19 HOSPITAL TREATMENT DURING THE FIRST PANDEMIC WAVE

Gabbasova N.V., Dzen N.V., Timashova A.A.

Abstract

Currently, the tactics of treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection COVID - 19 are already regulated by the 17th temporary guidelines. In the first wave of the pandemic, there were no recommendations; symptomatic and antimicrobial therapy was basic. The purpose of this work is to evaluate antimicrobial therapy in hospitalized patients with coronavirus infection during the first wave of the pandemic, who had a concomitant pathology - diabetes mellitus. The material of the study was 112 epicrises of patients who were hospitalized in the department for the treatment of patients with a new coronavirus infection of the Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2016 program, the chi-square test was used to determine the significance of differences, the differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. Research results. All patients with COVID-19 received antimicrobials (antibiotics, antiparasitics, combinations thereof). Most often, antiparasitic drugs (75.0%), protected penicillins (62.5%) and cephalosporins (28.3%), macrolides (50.8%) were used in therapy. More commonly, a combination of 2 to 4 different groups of antimicrobials has been used. The structure of antibiotic therapy was assessed depending on some clinical and laboratory parameters.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):17-23
pages 17-23 views

POLYPRAGMASIA AND DRUG LOAD DEPENDING ON THE STATE OF KIDNEY FUNCTION OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DIABETES MELLITUS

Batishcheva G.A., Goncharova N.Y., Cherenkova O.V., Eliseeva D.M., Kotlyarova D.K.

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often combined with other diseases, which increases the likelihood of polypragmasia. For the correct dosage regimen of drugs, it is necessary to take into account the state of kidney function, the change of which may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of comorbid pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate the dosage regimen of hypoglycemic drugs taking into account the state of the kidneys. A retrospective analysis of 100 medical records of patients hospitalized in the endocrinology department of the Russian Railways Medicine Clinical Hospital from January to April 2022 was carried out. Patients were divided into groups depending on the presence or absence of CRD (chronic renal disease). Hypoglycemic therapy was evaluated by calculating the drug burden index (DBI) in DDD units for 10 days of pharmacotherapy with oral hypoglycemic and insulin drugs.

It was found that arterial hypertension (85%), dyslipidemia (67%), obesity (62%) prevailed in the structure of comorbid pathology in patients with diabetes mellitus. Polypragmasia was detected in 87% of patients. Decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR<40 ml/min) was found in 61% of patients.

The study showed that while maintaining kidney function (GFR >60 ml/min) in the selected cohort of patients, the average DBI value for oral drugs reached 34 DDD units for 10 days of pharmacotherapy, for insulin preparations - 13 DDD units for 10 days of pharmacotherapy. In patients with reduced GFR<40 ml/min, the average DBI value for oral medications was significantly lower, reaching 8.6 DDD units for 10 days of pharmacotherapy, for insulin preparations – 7.6 DDD units for 10 days of pharmacotherapy, indicating a decrease in the number of drug prescriptions.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):24-28
pages 24-28 views

IN THE PRACTICE OF AN ENDOCRINOLOGIST: A CLINICAL CASE

Avilova V.V., Krasnikova Y.A., Volynkina A.P., Zoloedov V.I.

Abstract

The article presents a clinical case of secondary hyperaldosteronism in a patient with gouty and diabetic nephropathy. A number of diagnostic procedures are described to differentiate secondary hyperaldosteronism from primary hyperaldosteronism.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):29-32
pages 29-32 views

REAL CLINICAL PRACTICE OF TREATMENT OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN LOCOMOTIVE CREW WORKERS

Batishcheva G.A., Korchagina S.A., Kotelnikova T.E., Goncharova Natalya Yurievna N.Y.

Abstract

Cardiac arrhythmias create prerequisites for the occurrence of sudden cardiac death in the workplace, which poses a threat to the safety of train traffic. A targeted examination of locomotive crew workers (LCW) includes the diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias for effective and safe pharmacotherapy. A retrospective analysis of 100 medical histories of machinists and assistant machinists hospitalized in the cardiology department of the Private healthcare institution "Clinical Hospital "Russian Railways-medicine" Voronezh", who have the following types of cardiac arrhythmias: supraventricular extrasystole (single — 94%, paired — 20%), single ventricular extrasystole — 51%, paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation – 2%, conduction disorder – 6%. According to the results of the examination, a group of LCW with prognostically unfavorable cardiac arrhythmias (32%) was identified, who underwent pharmacotherapy, including beta-blockers, antiarrhythmic drugs of class IC and class III. The choice of medications for pharmacotherapy in outpatient settings took into account the impact on professionally important functions according to the established List of "Medicines and traffic safety" (ed. from 2016). At discharge, 25% of patients were recommended nebivolol, which LCW could take in conditions of professional activity. Pharmacotherapy of drivers on an outpatient basis was continued with etacizine (3%), allapinine (2%), amiodarone (1%) with suspension from work for the period of taking the drug.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):33-42
pages 33-42 views

PREVALENCE OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF HYPOVITAMINOSIS AMONG STUDENTS

Merkulova M.D.

Abstract

Hypovitaminosis is a common problem in the modern world, despite the abundance of pharmaceuticals on the market. To date, about 70% of the population has a lack of any vitamin. Early detection of the first signs of hypovitaminosis will help avoid the occurrence of various pathological processes in the human body.

Purpose. To identify the prevalence of symptoms of hypovitaminosis among students of the Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko.

Materials and methods. A survey was conducted on the basis of the Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko. The questionnaire consisted of blocks of questions that were aimed at detecting the manifestations of hypovitaminosis of individual vitamins.

Results. The study analyzed 80 questionnaires. The age of the respondents varies from 19 to 23 years. Among them are 22 males and 58 females. The study results were statistically processed using a standard method of calculating arithmetic averages using Microsoft Excel 2011.

Thus, to date, it has been revealed that most students are deficient in vitamins V1, C, V12, E and trace elements of calcium, magnesium, iodine and zinc. Complivit, Doppelgerz and effervescent vitamin C tablets were among the three most popular medicines among students for the prevention of hypovitaminosis.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):43-48
pages 43-48 views

REVIEW OF SURFACTANT DELIVERY STRATEGIES IN NEONATOLOGICAL PRACTICE

Ippolitova L.I., Korotaeva N.V., Pershina E.S., Panichev K.V., Lobanova O.A., Dilbaryan A.A.

Abstract

Administration of surfactant by minimally invasive techniques that promote spontaneous breathing may be safer and more effective than administration with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. At present, the use of INSURE and LISA/MIST methods is well researched and widely used, their effectiveness has been largely proven and beyond doubt. However, current trends towards greater use of non-invasive respiratory support in surfactant-deficient preterm infants have created a demand for similar non-invasive methods of administering exogenous surfactant, one of which is the potentially promising method of inhaled delivery of a substance to the lungs using a nebulizer.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):49-58
pages 49-58 views

CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC ASPECTS OF NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA: LITERATURE REVIEW

Ippolitova L.I., Korotaeva N.V., Pershina E.S., Lobanova O.I., Korobeinikov V.B.

Abstract

The most common metabolic pathology in the world, according to WHO, is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism. Hypoglycemia in the neonatal period is one of the most common pathologies in neonatological practice. According to data from the literature - 50% of healthy newborns who were born for the first time 8-12 hours of life cannot maintain a "hungry" level of glucose in the blood plasma. In addition, the trend towards increased risks of neonatal hypoglycemia is growing every year.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):59-65
pages 59-65 views

MARKERS OF EARLY INFLAMMATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF NEONATAL SEPSIS

Ippolitova L.I., Korotaeva N.V., Pershina E.S., Klyuev I.N., Haprova I.O.

Abstract

To date, neonatal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death in newborns in the first month of life. The urgency of this problem is explained by the high level of mortality in prenatal and early postnatal infection. Diagnosis of the disease is complicated by the absence of specific symptoms and signs, which contributes to the deterioration of the condition of newborns with sepsis due to antibiotic therapy that has not been started in a timely manner. This article reviews the current literature on early markers of neonatal sepsis, which may be useful for healthcare practitioners.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):66-72
pages 66-72 views

SIALOGRAPHY AND ITS DIAGNOSTIC VALUE

Bavykina I.A., Titova L.A., Bavykin D.V., Rostovtsev V.V.

Abstract

The article presents modern literature data on the effectiveness of the use of sialography in normal and in such pathologies as additional ducts of the salivary glands, sialolithiasis, salivary gland stenosis, sialodochitis, sialadenitis, Sjogren's syndrome and tumors of the salivary glands. Descriptions of the diagnostic picture during sialography in various pathological conditions are given, the possibility of using different types of sialography is evaluated.

Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ). 2023;24(1):73-79
pages 73-79 views

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