No 89 (2022)

Kidney pathology can very often lead to an increase in blood pressure (BP), which in turn contributes to the development of stroke, and in these cases, the cause of acute stroke (OS) is symptomatic arterial hypertension (SAH). Patients with both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk of both thrombotic complications and bleeding, they are at extremely high risk of developing both ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HI). It is important to note that renal pathology significantly worsens the outcome of OI, limiting treatment due to reduced drug clearance and side effects. Kidney disease and stroke have significant socioeconomic implications. Patients with end-stage CKD are generally excluded from clinical trials. Unfortunately, they have not developed a strategy for the treatment of stroke. The article discusses the relationship between the kidneys and the brain (GM), issues of pathophysiology and epidemiology of stroke in kidney pathology. The author's own clinical case of a 38-year-old patient with developed GI on the background of kidney disease is presented.

The features of the mechanism of action of wormwood herb, which are based on the ability to increase the activity of the gastric and intestinal glands, activate the secretion of bile, have been studied. The relationship between the chemicals that are part of wormwood and the field of application of this plant has been determined. Thus, absintin (bitterness) causes its use in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and essential oils (abinetol and pinene) contribute to the improvement of neuromuscular transmission. Based on the data of the state register of medicines, the main indications for the use of wormwood herb as a complex therapy of hypoacid conditions and hyporexia, as well as chronic cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia were determined, methods of preparing infusion and tincture - the easiest to use dosage forms were studied, dosage regimens were determined.

In this work, the antimicrobial activity of the Piptoporus betulinus water-alcohol extract fractions has been studied. The low-polarity fractions obtained using chloroform as an extractant demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (6.7±0.8 mm), Serratia marcescens (14.9±0.4 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (9.8±0.5 mm), comparable to the action of antibiotics used in medicine. In accordance with the literature data, the antimicrobial effect can be related to the triterpene acids of the lanostane series (polyporenic acids A and C, 3β-acetoxy-16α-hydroxy-24-oxo-5α-lanosta-8-en-21-oic acid) and the antibiotic piptamine. The results are useful for developing a technology for obtaining purified extracts of Piptoporus betulinus, as potential antimicrobial agents.

The article considers the species composition and pharmaceutical properties of edible agaricoid basidiomycetes (Agaricomycetes) of the State Nature Reserve of regional significance «Voronezh Upland Oak Grove». Among the identified 6 orders, the order Agaricales is represented by the greatest species diversity. 38 fungal taxa belong to saprotrophs, 37 to symbiotrophs, 17 change their type of nutrition under certain conditions, 14 are able to develop due to organic substances contained in the humus horizon of the soil, 8 are able to carry out the destruction of wood. The overwhelming number of species of edible agaricoid basidial fungi belong to category IV (50). The most valuable from a nutritional point of view (category I) species of fungi for the population are representatives of the genus Boletus (B. aestivalis, B. betulicolus, B. edulis, B. pinophilus) and Lactariusdeliciosus. The found species are mostly valuable for their antibacterial (41) and anticancer (34) activity. The identified basidiomycetes have antiviral (25) and antioxidant (18) activity to a lesser extent, are used as immunostimulants (15) and hepatoprotectors (8), for the treatment of diseases of the nervous system (10).

From ancient times to the present day, medicinal plants have been potential and useful for the treatment of a number of diseases and disorders. The main reason for this is that medicinal plants do not have any side effects. One of the most common tropical vegetables is Momordica charantia, it has been used in various Asian traditional medicines [1]. The plant Momordica charantia Linn., known as bitter gourd, belongs to the pumpkin family. It is cultivated throughout India, Malaysia, China, Tropical Africa and America. Earlier statements have shown that its bitter fruits have carminative, aphrodisiac and anthelmintic properties, are used for syphilis, rheumatism, diseases of the spleen and ophthalmia. It is also useful for hemorrhoids, leprosy, jaundice and is used as an anthelmintic. This review highlights the main pharmacological uses of Momordica charantia [2]. It has been suggested that Momordica charantia, also known as bitter melon, had an effect on lowering blood glucose levels through various forms and extracts from the plant. For many years, commercially available preparations containing bitter melon have been appearing on the market, despite limitations in available clinical trials. The conducted clinical study demonstrates a variety of results on the effect of Momordica charantia on glycemic control, mostly without demonstrating statistically significant differences. Monitoring is vital given the reported side effects and precautions needed for specific individuals, as well as unknown interactions of herbal medications or herbal foods that may disrupt the overall treatment plan. At the same time, the results obtained as a result of the studies give only an idea of the potential benefits that Momordica charantia offers in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes, as well as microvascular complications, instead of a definite conclusion [3].

The role of antioxidants is to inhibit the oxidative process and neutralize the action of free radicals, prevent the destructive effect of free radicals on cells, and slow down the aging process of cells. This article presents an experience that evaluates the antioxidant activity of plant materials with these properties in order to use it as adjuvants for the treatment of diseases associated with general cognitive impairment.