No 85 (2021)

Predicting the duration of the latent period of labor complicated by premature prenatal rupture of the amniotic bladder (PDRPO) is crucial for reducing complications in the mother and newborn. To determine the duration of the latency period, the dependence between the anhydrous period and the values of ultrasonic parameters was studied.

In the course of the study, the aim was to compare the indicators of adaptive potential, the risk of neurosis, the level of self-motivation, depending on the functional state of the autonomous nervous system in students in the process of full-time and distance learning. The indicators were determined using the Kerdo vegetative index, the Baevsky adaptive potential formula. To assess the risk of neurosis and neurosis-like states, the K. Heck-H. neurosis screening questionnaire was used. Hessa. The M. Hall questionnaire was used to determine the level of self-motivation. The results of the study showed that, regardless of the functional state of the autonomous nervous system, the level of self-motivation decreased in all subjects during distance learning. The risk of neurosis during distance learning significantly increased in sympathicotonics and vagotonics, in normotonics, on the contrary, significantly decreased, the reason is the disunity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic departments.

Distance learning (DL) in the context of the coronavirus pandemic has become an alternative to classroom learning. At the Medical University of Karaganda, during lectures, practical classes, webinars, online conferences, programs such as MS TEAMS, CISCO WEBEX, and ZOOM are used. PLATONUS, MOODLE, TURNITIN are used like control and training programs. On the SP.KGMU.KZ portal, students receive assignments, where they watch video lectures and video clips of practical work with a demonstration of various physiological and clinical skills. In 2021, an anonymous survey of students was conducted, including 50 closed and semi-closed questions. The study involved 250 students enrolled in 2, 3 courses of the Faculty of General Medicine. The first group included students studying in the Kazakh language of instruction, the second group - students of the international medical faculty studying in the English language of instruction. Through the eyes of a student, the effectiveness of DL technology in our university was assessed. The strengths of distant education were identified (timeliness of receiving the necessary information from teachers - 23.6%; feeling of security, relaxation and psychological comfort in the family circle - 34.1%; reduced risk of diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic - 65.5%) and weaknesses of distant education (weakening of motivation to study; there is no direct communication with teachers - 49.5% and with fellow students - 40.9; insufficient knowledge of computer technologies 18.8%; difficulties in allocating time (for study, for rest) - 27%). The analysis of the results of the survey revealed the concern of students that they cannot master certain clinical skills remotely.

Issues related to gender characteristics in the structure of educational motivation of students have been studied. It was revealed that girls are more motivated by social factors, they need respect, it is important for them to recognize their work and achievements. Young men are focused on the material aspect, they value activities related to the material result. Girls prefer to work with other people and in a team that will motivate them to take action, that is, they are motivated by involvement in a common cause. Young men, on the contrary, value leadership positions, look for an opportunity to move forward, they are motivated by a high position in society.

In recent years, interest has increased in the role of obstructive breathing disorders during sleep (OSBD) and their influence on the functional state of the respiratory muscles (RM). Objective of the study: to identify changes in the indicators of the strength of the RM with varying degrees of severity of OSBD. 48 patients were examined, divided according to the results of cardiorespiratory monitoring into 4 groups depending on the severity of OSBD. The strength of the RM was assessed by the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure measured at the level of the oral cavity. The progression of the severity of respiratory disorders during the night contributed to an increase in the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia. As the severity of OSBD increased, an increase in the strength of the RM was observed. The relationship was revealed between the indicators of the strength of the RM and the indicators of the severity of OSBD. Conclusion. The adaptation of the respiratory muscles to their periodic tension during episodes of apnea and chronic intermittent hypoxia with OSBD in sleep is manifested by an increase in the strength of the RM.

The analysis of the international principles of storage of donor blood is carried out. It is shown that in the world medical practice, most countries rely on standardized approaches to the issues of transfusion and storage of donated blood. In most states, the regulated time limits are reduced to a 35-40-day period of time. For the primary collection of donated blood, countries mainly use a single system of citrate anticoagulants, an acidic citrate-dextrose form for its apheresis. As a rule, the composition "saline solution-adenine-glucose-mannitol" is added to the red blood cell mass. Plasma components are stored in a frozen state, and platelet components are stored at room temperature with continuous stirring. In most countries, the process of leucoreduction before storage is common, with the prevailing type of leucodepletion filter depending on the country. Pathogen reduction technologies are being actively developed, but the purification of red blood cells is still under development.

In 32 student volunteers, using a photoplethysmographic sensor, cardiac rhythm was recorded in functional states of rest and during performing respiratory test with an adjustable frequency of 12 breaths/min. and 6 breaths/min. A statistical analysis of the duration of cardio intervals was carried out and a functional assessment of the cardiac rhythm was given in accordance with the criteria of R.M. Baevsky. On the basis of a comparative analysis of heart rate variability, it was found that the transition from voluntary to controlled breathing in most of the examined students caused a simultaneous increase in heart rate and respiratory arrhythmia. Change in heart rate variability of students depended on its initial parameters. It is possible that the revealed changes in the variability of the heart rate of the examined students during breathing tests reflect the tension of the autonomic mechanisms of cardio regulation.

The article discusses the possibilities of using information technologies for the distant learning of foreign English-speaking students at the Department of Normal physiology of the Burdenko state medical University. The example of teaching disciplines - "Normal physiology", "Physics. Mathematics" - in the intermediary language in the distant learning system, as well as a brief overview of a distant class, and the algorithm for creating courses in the electronic educational environment MOODLE are under consideration. The transition to a distance learning format against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to a number of difficulties faced by both students and a teaching staff of the department. In the current situation, the conduct of the educational process is complicated by the inability to comply with certain formats of classes, such as laboratory work and group projects; the academic exchanges are lost as well. There are the problems of mastering students' practical skills, deep analysis of theoretical material, and finding solutions. It seems that the use of information technologies should eliminate these difficulties, but the experience of working in a remote format indicates that it is impossible to select a universal teaching methodology. Students are distinguished by the level of basic training, foreign language proficiency, motivation factor and, sometimes, technical capabilities of working online. In this regard, the consideration of options for balancing full-time and online learning, the study of factors affecting students' ability to learn are of special interest. We suggest that the distance learning can be a valuable addition to the traditional forms of the educational process, but not a substitute for it.

Modern medicine faces a situation, in which, along with harmful risk factors such as smoking and alcohol abuse, a sedentary lifestyle and an unbalanced diet of the population are common. These factors, unlike genetic ones, can be adjusted if you know the parameters of your health. Some of them can be studied using bio impedance analysis, which gives additional characteristics of the functional status of a person, allowing you to study the state of metabolism, as well as the intensity of metabolic processes in the body and, comparing them with reference indicators will help in assessing the risks of diseases. Our work shows the results of a bio impedance study of 2nd-year students. As a result of the study, both small deviations in physiological parameters and the predisposition of some students to excess body weight were revealed.