No 55 (2014)

The article analyzes the role of free-radical oxidation (FRO) in the metabolism of cells; it is supposed to be one of the most important regulators of the metabolism serving as the basis for plastic and energetic maintenance of cells and the organism as a whole. The author puts emphasis on the significant role of FRO processes in the regulation of cell proliferation intensity as well as in the prostaglandins and catecholamines biosynthesis. Free-radical oxidation is a typical chain process with a degenerated branching proceeding by the free-radical mechanism in several stages. The multistage degradation of polyunsaturated lipids in free-radical reactions results in the formation of a range of primary, secondary, and end molecular products, which play an important role in the structural modifications of biomembranes and their physical-chemical properties changing. Any cell in the organism possesses constant conditions for FRO processes due to the presence of substrates (lipids and proteins), initiators and catalysts: reactive oxygen species and transition metal ions. At the same time, the content of free-radical oxidation products under normal conditions is not high. This is achieved through the continuous complex of biological mechanisms of the antioxidant defense system (ADS). The antioxidant defense system restricts the lipid and protein free-radical oxidation process at practically all stages and maintains the reactions at the relatively constant level. Free-radical reactions, which involve lipids and proteins under normal conditions, act as a nonspecific, pathogenic factor in pathologies initiating so-called «free-radical pathology» or oxidative stress. The intensification of free-radical oxidation processes as well as the antioxidant imbalance are the main signs of oxidative stress.

The case has aroused considerable interest due to the combination of a malignant ovarian tumor with a purulent tubo-ovarian formation, rare in clinical practice of oncogynecology. Considering the anamnestic and histological data, the following clinical diagnosis has been made: a case of multifocal metachronous cancer - 1) Stage IIB (T2bNxMo) Cervical Cancer, the condition after combined radiotherapy in 1993; 2) Stage IV (pT2cNxM1) Ovarian Cancer, the condition after the surgery performed on the 5th of September 5, 2012. The consilium with the participation of an oncogynecologist, an oncosurgeon, a radiologist, and a chemotherapist has approved the combination therapy approach.

The article gives an analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke, which is considered to be an important aspect for analysis of Ischemic Stroke risk factors formation and its pathogenetic mechanisms. The classification of risk factors for Stroke makes it possible to determine a clearly-defined prevention strategy with due consideration of correctable risk factors, which will contribute to Ischemic Stroke incidence reduction. The complex pathogenetic mechanism of Cerebral Ischemia presupposes formation of a necrotic core in the ischemic lesion - the area where irreversible brain tissue damage takes place and which is surrounded by the semi-shadow zone, or ischemic penumbra. The penumbral zone enables reversible changes, which is the basis for the determined strategy and tactics in Ischemic Stroke management, namely in delivery of highly-qualified and high-technology emergency medical care aimed at the recanalization accompanied by the brain substance reperfusion finally resulting in a recovery process in the penumbral zone, and therefore, in recovery of the neurologic deficit. Thus, up-dated diagnostic and treatment technologies for Stroke are likely to reduce hospital mortality and patients’ disability rates. Such an approach will have a positive impact on the demographics and will improve the life quality of the population of the Russian Federation.

The Prostate Cancer (PC) - one of the most often found malignant new growths at men of middle and advanced age. In MAUZ MTSOMZ of Stavropol it is developed and the screening program of early detection of oncological diseases of urinogenital system, including, a prostate cancer works. PSA (general) - the main indicator of differential diagnosis of pathologies of a prostate gland, an indicator of early diagnostics of a mestnolokalizovanny form of a cancer.

Studied the postoperative period when removing impacted third molars using osteoplastic material "Bioplast-Dent" and a resorbable membrane "Bioplast-Dent" and a blood clot. Collecting daily table of objective and subjective indicators. The table includes indicators: quality of sleep, appetite, pain in the wound, post-operative swelling and bruising, body temperature, discharge from the wound, the type of wound healing. Submitted studies, the use of osteoplastic material "Bioplast-Dent" together with a resorbable membrane facilitates the postoperative period, reduces swelling and pain response. Proactive process of recovery takes place on 2-3 days in comparison with the control group.

Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) - a hereditary disorder of the nervous system, one of the group of slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy characterized by cerebellar, pyramidal disorders, disorders involving the posterior columns of spinal cord and highly specific changes in MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain and spinal cord. Mutations in the DARS2 gene, which encode mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, have been found. We present the case with characteristic clinical symptoms and neuroimaging findings of this disorder.