Medical Scientific Bulletin of Central Chernozemye (Naučno-medicinskij vestnik Centralʹnogo Černozemʹâ)

1990-472X

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко" Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации

10186

10.18499/1990-472X-2024-25-4-45-52

Features of physical development of girls from birth to three years in St. Petersburg

Trapeznikova

Anna Yuryevna

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a course in general child careay.trapeznikova@yandex.ruEvdokimova

Nina Victorovna

Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor; Department of Propaedeutics of Childhood Diseases with a course in general child careposohova.nina2014@yandex.ru

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

27122024

2544552

09012025

2025

The physical development of children is a dynamic process of growth and biological maturation over a certain period. The dynamic growth process is understood as an increase in body weight and length, the development of organs and body systems. Purpose of the study: testing a standardized method for assessing the physical development of infants and young children using the Z-score criterion. Materials and methods. 137 girls of children aged 0 to 3 years were examined by a continuous study method as part of preventive examinations of minors on the basis of Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation N514n at the bases of city polyclinics in St. Petersburg. Of the examined patients, 89% were naturally fed. The examination included: talking with parents and collecting a history of life, working with medical documentation (child's developmental history f.112/y), direct examination of children, measuring body weight, body length (or height), circles of the head, chest and middle third of the child's shoulder, assessing the actual nutrition of children. Criteria for non-inclusion in the study were prematurity, burdened obstetric and gynecological history, congenital malformations, chronic diseases. Study results. In the range from 0 to 12 months, the majority were children 10-13 months (12%, 13%, 14%, and 15%, respectively), and at the age of 13-36 months - children 27-36 months (50%). According to the data obtained, 31% of girls had changes in height: 17.5% - values below average (attention group) and 13.5% - pathological (high). 50% of the examined patients had high body weight indicators, of which 8% had pathological ones. This was confirmed by the BMI assessment (1.4% had malnutrition, 7.3% had obesity). 8% of the examined children had pathological values of the head circumference: 3% had low values (microcrania), 5% had high values (macrocrania). Above-average changes in shoulder circumference scores were observed in 40.2% of girls. Conclusions. The study confirmed that the use of the Z-score criterion for assessing physical development is a convenient, reliable and highly sensitive method. When comparing the normal indicators developed by WHO, a large percentage of cases with deviation from the norm was revealed. This creates the prerequisites for the development of standards for growth (body length), body weight, head circumference and middle third of the shoulder for children living in the territory of the Russian Federation in modern conditions.

physical development, children, girls

физическое развитие, дети, девочки

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